Cranial Nerves

• For smell

  CN 1
• Lesion in CN 1

  Anosmia
• Most commonly contused in TBI patients

  CN 1
• Cerebral contusion

  • Frontal inferior
  • Temporal anterior
• Secondary to basilar skull fracture

  CSF Rhinorrhea
• The therapist is letting the client to smell different odours. The therapist is most likely testing what CN

  CN 1
• Vision

  CN 2
• Damage in CN 2

  Anopsia
• Near sighted

  Myopia
• Far sighted

  Hyperopia
• Old sighted

  Prebyopia
• Blindness at night

  Nyctalopia
• Color vision/ Daylight vision

  Cones
• Night vision

  Rods
• Optic nerve lesion

  Ipsilateral monoblindness
• Optic chiasm lesion

  Bilateral hemianopsia
• loss of peripheral vision (Tunnel vision)

  Optic chiasm lesion
• Secondary to pituitary tumor

  Bilateral hemianopsia
• Optic tract, Optic radiation, Occipital cortex lesion

  Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
• Superior Quadrantanoptia lesion

  Optic radiation
• Optic radiation upper fiber aka

  Parietal fiber
• Optic radiation lower fiber aka

  Parietal fiber
• Ptosis

  CN 3
• Anisocoria

  CN 2, 3
• Pupilary light reflex

  Afferent- CN 2

  Efferent- CN 3
• No light stimulus but pupil constrict due to SN 2

  Consensual light reflex
• Diplopia

  • Vertical- CN 4
  • Horizontal- CN 6

  Strabismus

  • Esotropia- CN 6
  • Exotropia- CN 3
• Extraocular muscle

  EOM3, LR6, SO4
• Extraocular muscle

  A) IO

  B) MR

  C) SO

  
• CN 4 compensation

  contralateral tilt
• CN 6 compensation

  Ipsilateral Rotate
• DDX: Torticollis- Hard feel in SCM
• Gaseration ganglion/ Semilunar ganglion

  CN 5
• Motor part of CN 5

  Muscles of mastication
• Muscles for mastication

  • Masseter
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Temporalis
  • Lateral pterygoid

  Additional msucles

  • Digastric (anterior)
  • Mylohyoid
  • Tensor tympani
  • Tensor belly pallet
• Sensory part of CN 5

  • Forehead
  • Gums
  • Nose
  • Teeth
• Branches of CN 5

  • v1- Opthalmic
  • v2- Maxillary
  • v3- Mandibular
• Sensory supply of the eyeball

  CN 5v1
• Corneal reflex/ Blink reflex afferent

  5v1
• Corneal reflex/ Blink reflex efferent

  CN 7