Sterotype- Origin

• What is a stereotype defined as?

  A stereotype is a social perception of an individual based on group membership or physical attributes.
• How does a stereotype affect behavior?

  Stereotyping affects the behavior of those who hold the stereotype and those who are labeled by it.
• What is the concept of out-group homogeneity?

  Out-group homogeneity is the perception that members of an out-group all have similar traits.
• What does Tajfel argue about the cognitive process of social categorization?

  Tajfel argues that social categorization is a natural cognitive process.
• What are the two ways that stereotypes develop according to Schneider (2004)?

  Stereotypes develop indirectly through culture or society and directly through personal experiences.
• What are the two key sources of stereotypes according to Campbell (1967)?

  The two key sources of stereotypes are personal experience and gatekeepers like media and parents.
• What does Campbell's grain of truth hypothesis suggest?

  It suggests that an experience with an individual from a group can be generalized to the entire group.
• What do Hamilton and Gifford (1976) argue about stereotypes?


  They argue that stereotypes result from illusory correlations between two variables.
• What is confirmation bias?

  Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek out or remember information that supports existing beliefs.
• What is a self-fulfilling prophecy in the context of stereotypes?

  A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when beliefs about a person lead to behaviors that confirm those beliefs.
• How can stereotypes be formed through social representation?

  Stereotypes can be formed by individuals conforming to the in-group's social representation of the out-group.
• What is the definition of illusory correlation?

  It is the phenomenon whereby observers conclude that two factors are associated despite the lack of any real association between them.
• What are the two theories that explain stereotypes?

  • Social identity theory
  • Illusory correlation
• What is illusory correlation?

  It is a type of cognitive bias where a person tends to make errors in judgment based on cognitive factors.
• How does illusory correlation relate to cognitive bias?

  Illusory correlation is a specific type of cognitive bias that affects judgment.
• What happens after illusory correlations are made?

  People seek out or remember information that supports the illusory correlation, demonstrating confirmation bias.
• What is confirmation bias?

  It is the tendency to seek out or remember information that supports a previously held belief or relationship.
• How does confirmation bias affect stereotypical thinking?

  Confirmation bias makes stereotypical thinking resistant to change.