Brain-neuropsychology

• Nervous system 


  Complicated network of cells and the main communication system, collects and responds to information in the environment
• CNS


  It is made up of the Brain and spinal cord, it is where all the complex decisions are made
• PNS


  Transmits information about voluntary activity, communicating between CNS and rest of the body
• ANS


  Contains 2 division, sympathetic and parasympathetic operates automatically
• SNS


  Transmits information from sense organs to CNS
• Parasympathetic division 


  Works in opposition towards the sympathetic division, controls the relaxed state (relax and digest)
• Sympathetic division 


  Works in opposition to the parasympathetic division, represents a state of physiological arousal(fight or flight response)
• Homeostasis 


  Maintains balanced internal state
• Fight or flight response 


  Imediate physiological response, when confronted with a threatening situation the sympathetic division releases adrenaline, which prepares the body to fight or flight
• 4 stages of fight or flight response 


  1. Brain detects threat
  2. Release of adrenaline
  3. Fight or flight response
  4. Once threat has passed
• Order of James-Lange theory of emotion 


  Event -> Arousal -> Interpretation -> Emotion
• What was James-Lange theory called

  James-Lange theory of emotion
• Strength of James-Lange theory


  Evolution, emotion is controlled by physical response
• Weakness of James-Lange theory


  Complex emotions, would take longer to analyse while some emotions can be immediate or happen at the same time
• Neuron 


  Cells communicate messages throught electrical and chemical signals

  through the nervous system
• Sensory neuron 


  Carries info from PNS to CNS

  Short Axon

  Long Dendrites
• Relay neuron 


  Connects sensory neurons to motor neurons

  Short Axon

  Short Dendrites
• Motor neurons


  Carries messages to effectors

  Long Axon

  Short Dendrites
• Excitatory effect 


  When neurotransmitters increase positive charge of the next neuron (adrenaline)
• Inhibitory effect 


  When neurotransmitters increase negative charge of the next neuron (serotonin)
• Synaptic transmissions 


  Neighboring neurons communicate with each other and send chemical messages across the Synaptic cleft
• What dose Hebb suggest 


  Synaptic connections becpme stronger the more they are used

  (Brain is plastic)

  (The more you fire the more you wire)
• What is Hebb's theory 


  New neural pathways are developed due to excessive firing of neurons

  And that Synaptic connections becpme more efficient the more they Information is repeat
• Weakness of Hebb's theory 


  Overly simplified
• Strength of Hebbs theory 


  Backed up by direct biological observations
• What are the 4 lobes of the brain

  • Frontal lobes
  • Temporal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Pariental lobe
• Localisation - theory that different brain areas are responsible for different functions
• What are the areas of the Brain

  • Motor area
  • Stomasensory area
  • Visual area
  • Auditory area
  • Language area

  - Broca's area

  - Wernicke's area
• Frontal lobe - controlls thinking and planning also includes motor area
• Parietal lobe - includes stomasensory area, sensations
• Occipital lobe - contains visual area sending info from brain to eye
• Cerebellum - supporting movement
• Temporal lobe - includes auditory area, related to hearing
• Motor area - controlls movement
• Somatosensory area - sensations
• Auditory area - hearing
• Language area - only in left hemisphere, controlls Language
• Broca's area - controlls speach production
• Wernick's area - understanding language
• Penfiled's study aim 


  Describe responses ppts gave when their brain was electricity stimulated