Psychological problems

• The incidence rates per 100 people have increased (2 in one will experience a mental health problem)
• How did incidence change overtime

  In 2007 - 24%

  In 2014 - 37%

  More women suffer than men and gap is widening
• There are cultural variations for mental health (hearing voices is normal in africa unlike the uk)
• There is more recognition and help towards mental health problems and symptoms focous on illnesses rather than health
• To increase normancy the phrase 'mental health problem' is used rather than a label
• Individual affects of MHP

  • Damage to relationship
  • Difficulty coping with everyday life
  • Negative impact on physical well-being
• Damage to relation ships - struggle with 2 way communication that relationships need
• Difficulty coping with everyday life- no self care, struggle socialising
• Negative impact on physical well-being - to much anxiety and the body produces cortisol preventing the immune system to function properly
• Social effects to mental health -

  • Need for more social care
  • Increase crime rates
  • Implications for the economy
• Need for more social care - 
Taxes provide social care providing basic necessities. It also includes teaching them social and work skills
• Implications for the economy- mental health costs £22 billion a year and cheaper drug treatments are needed
• Increases in crime rates - higher risk of violence with people with MHP
• What are the 2 types of depression

  • Unipolar depression
  • Bipolar depression
• Bipolar depression - alternates between 2 emotional states (depression+mania)

  Mania - frenzy activity, feeling exited
• Unipolar depression - only contains one emotional state (depression)
• How to diagnose depression. Use ICD-10 (Lists symptoms of depression)
• Symptoms of depression

  • Low mood
  • Loss of interest
  • Reduction in energy levels
  • Sleep is iregular
  • Appetite changes
  • Self confidence is low
• MH - being mentally and emotionally sound, feeling comfortable and having positive views on others
• Depression - mental disorder that affects behaviour, emotion, Cognition
• ICD - 10 level ratings

  • Mild 1-4 symptoms
  • Moderate 5-6 symptoms
  • Severe 7+ symptoms
• What causes depression

  Biological explanations (BE)

  Psychological explanations (PE)
• Biological explanations - focuses on physical influences, looking at serotonin levels (low levels aee caused by genes of tryptophan)
• Strength of Biological explanations

  Others have found that low levels of serotonin are found in brains of people with depression, so this supports the view that depression is caused by low levels of serotonin
• Weakness of Biological explanations

  Can establish weather low levels of serotonin causes depression or weather depression causes low levels of serotonin and how sad thoughts are an effect rather than cause
• Psychological explanations - looks at environmental influences

  • Faulty thinking - only focuses on Negative (glass half empty)
  • Negative schemas - can create a negative schem on them and world
  • Attributions - blaming themselves for something that went wrong ( internal Attributions)
  • Influence of nature
• Strenght of psychological explanations

  It contains a real left application, an example is that we can now use therapy to change how people think because of faulty thinking
• Weakness of Psychological explanations

  Doesn't explain all types of depression an example is that not everyone with depression has a faulty thinking style