Learning by the Consequence of Behaviour (Skinner 1938). Two types of reinforcement.
Positive Reinforcement

Behaviour produces a consequence that is good and increases the likelihood of repeating that behaviour to get the rewards. E.g. Receiving a sticker for hard work.
Skinners rats - Positive Reinforcement.
Rats moved, when accidentally pressing a lever food is dispensed which is rewarding. Reward increased likelihood of behaviour and will be repeated b/c the reward reinforces the behaviour.
Skinners Rats - Negative Reinforcement
Rats in an electric box, when lever pressed the shock stops - rats will repeated behaviour to stop being shocked (consequences).
Negative Reinforcement

Increased the likelihood of the behaviour as it involves the removal of negative consequences. (doing something to stop a bad thing from happening.) E.g. hitting a button on an alarm clock allows a person to escape the unpleasant ringing.
