Chemical bonds

• What forms when atoms transfer or share electrons?

  Chemical bonds
• Why do atoms transfer or share electrons?

  To achieve full outer shells
• What are the three types of chemical bonds?

  • Ionic
  • Covalent
  • Metallic
• What type of bonding joins metal and non-metal elements together?

  Ionic bonding
• What type of bonding joins non-metal elements together?

  Covalent bonding
• What type of bonding joins metal elements together?

  Metallic bonding
• What is an ion?

  An ion is a charged atom or molecule.
• What happens to metal atoms when they lose electrons from their outer shell?

  They become positively charged ions.
• What characterizes positive ions?

  Positive ions have more protons than electrons.
• What occurs when non-metal atoms gain electrons in their outer shell?

  They become negatively charged ions.
• What characterizes negative ions?

  Negative ions have more electrons than protons.
• Why do atoms become ions?

  Atoms become ions in order to get a full outer shell of electrons.
• How many electrons does the 1st shell need to be full?

  The 1st shell needs 2 electrons to be full.
• How many electrons do other shells need to be full?

  Other shells need 8 electrons to be full.
• What forms ionic bonds?

  Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred between atoms.
• From which type of atoms are electrons transferred during ionic bonding?

  Electrons are transferred from metal atoms to non-metal atoms.
• What happens to metal and non-metal atoms during the formation of ionic bonds?

  The metal atoms lose electrons and the non-metal atoms gain electrons.
• What forms as a result of the transfer of electrons between metal and non-metal atoms?

  A positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ion form.
• What holds the positive metal ion and negative non-metal ion together?

  Strong electrostatic forces hold them together.
• What are electrostatic forces?

  Electrostatic forces are the attractive (and repulsive) forces between charged particles.
• What is the result of the formation of ionic bonds?

  This results in the formation of an ionic compound.
• What type of ions do Group 1 metals form?

  Group 1 metals can lose their 1 outer electron to give + (positive) ions.
• What type of ions do Group 2 metals form?

  Group 2 metals lose their 2 outer electrons to give 2+ (positive) ions.
• What type of ions do Group 7 non-metals form?

  Group 7 non-metals gain 1 outer electron to give - (negative) ions.
• What type of ions do Group 6 non-metals form?

  Group 6 non-metals gain 2 outer electrons to give 2- (negative) ions.
• What electronic structure do all these ions have?

  All of these ions have the electronic structure of a noble gas.
• Why do Group 1 and 2 metals form ionic compounds with Group 6 and 7 non-metals?

  This is because their ions have opposite charges.
• What is an ionic lattice?

  • An ionic lattice is a giant structure of oppositely charged ions.
  • The ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
• How can ionic lattices be represented?

  Different models can be used to represent ionic lattices.
• How can sodium chloride be modeled in 2D?

  • A 2D model can show how positive and negative ions are arranged in a regular pattern.
  • However, a 2D model doesn't show that the lattice is made of more than 1 layer.