chemistry

    Cards (16)

    • Order of reactivity series:
      potassium most reactive
      sodium
      lithium
      calcium
      magnesium
      aluminium
      zinc
      iron
      tin
      lead
      copper
      silver
      gold least reactive
    • reactivity series: a list of elements in order of their reactivity
    • oxidised: describes a substance that has had oxygen added to it or has lost electrons.
      reduced: a reaction in which oxygen is removed or electrons are gained.
    • electrolysis: the process by which an electric current is used to split up compounds into simpler substances, usually metals from molten salts (fused solids) or solutions.
    • anode: positive electrode where oxidation occurs
    • cathode: negative electrode where reduction occurs
    • electrons are negative
      protons are positive
      neutrons are neutral
      overall atoms have a charge of 0 because the protons and electrons cancel each other out.
    • isotopes: different forms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
    • ionic bonding: involves the transfer of electrons, it creates ions, ions are positive or negative between metals and non-metals
    • reversible reactions: occur when the backwards reaction (products-reactants) takes place relatively easily under the certain conditions.
    • irreversible reactions: occur when the reverse reaction is very difficult to achieve under any set of conditions.
    • independent variable: is the variable you change during an experiment
      dependant variable: is the variable you measure
      control variable: is the variable you keep the same.
    • the pH scale measures how acidic/alkaline something is on a scale from 1-14
    • ionic compounds contain ions which are charged particles if the compound is molten or dissolved, the ions are free to move towards the electrodes and so the compound can conduct electricity
    • neutral substances have a pH of 7
    • alkaline substances have a high pH value
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