Biology topic test

• What is the smallest unit of all living things?

  Cell
• How do cells work together?


  Cells work together for specific functions.
• What are organelles?


  Parts of a cell
• What are the main differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

  • Prokaryotes:
  • DNA is a single molecule
  • Reproduce by binary fission
  • Generally smaller
  • Eukaryotes:
  • DNA in nucleus
  • Reproduce by mitosis
  • Generally larger
• What is differentiation in the context of cells?

  Differentiation is the process by which a cell becomes specialised.
• What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

  Contains DNA
• What occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell?


  It is the site of chemical reactions.
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  Site of respiration (release of energy)
• What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

  Site of protein synthesis (making proteins)
• How does the cell membrane function?


  It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
• What is the function of the chloroplast?

  Absorbs sunlight to be used for photosynthesis.
• What are the labels included in the diagram of an animal and plant cell?

  • Animal cell
  • Plant cell
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosome
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
• What is osmosis?

  Osmosis is the movement of water from dilute to concentrated through a semi-permeable membrane.
• What happens to a cell when water moves out of it?

  Movement of water out of the cell will cause the cell to shrink.
• How many chromosomes are present in the human body?

  There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in the human body.
• What is the purpose of mitosis?

  The purpose of mitosis is for growth and repair.
• What are the main stages of cell growth during mitosis?

  1. Genetic material is copied.
  2. Mitosis occurs (nucleus divides).
  3. Cytoplasm divides.
• What happens to the nucleus before it divides?

  The nucleus contains 46 chromosomes before dividing.
• What occurs during DNA replication in mitosis?

  The DNA replicates forming two copies of each chromosome.
• What is the sequence of events during mitosis?

  Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell, the nucleus begins to divide, chromosomes are pulled to each end of the cell, and the nucleus finishes dividing.
• How do you work out the combined magnification of the eyepiece and objective lens?

  By multiplying the magnification of the eyepiece by the magnification of the objective lens
• How do you convert millimeters into micrometers?

  By multiplying the millimeter value by 1000
• What should you do to draw and label diagrams of specimens under a microscope?

  • Draw the specimen as seen through the microscope
  • Label important structures
  • Include the magnification used
• What is the magnification of an animal cell observed under the microscope?

  X 400
• What is the magnification of a plant cell observed under the microscope?

  roughly 1500x
• What is the conversion factor from mm to micrometers?

  1 mm = 1000 μm
• What is the significance of adjusting the coarse and fine adjustment knobs on a microscope?

  They help to focus the image for clearer observation
• What is the difference between the coarse adjustment and fine adjustment on a microscope?

  Coarse adjustment moves the stage significantly, while fine adjustment makes small, precise changes
• equation that links magnification,image size,actual size?

  Magnification=image size/actual size
• what is the function of the vacuole?

  contains cell sap
• What is the function of the cell wall?

  maintain cell shape