Youth Opposition

• What was compulsory for youngsters in Germany by 1939?


  Attendance at Hitler Youth meetings
• Why did alternative youth groups emerge in Germany by 1939?


  Due to the increasing restriction of freedom of choice
• What were the names of some groups that emerged as alternative youth organizations in Germany?

  • Edelweiss Pirates
  • The Travelling Dudes (Essen)
  • The Navajos (Cologne)
• In which social class did the Edelweiss Pirates primarily emerge?


  Working class districts
• What characteristics did boys who resisted the Hitler Youth exhibit?


  They wore their hair longer, American style clothing, and told anti-Nazi jokes
• Where were the Swing Youth primarily located?


  • Big Northern German cities
  • Examples: Berlin, Hamburg, Kiel
• What inspired the Swing Youth's cultural activities?


  Banned American music, such as swing and jazz
• How many Edelweiss Pirates were estimated to be active in 1939?


  2,000
• How does the number of Edelweiss Pirates compare to the Hitler Youth in 1939?


  There were significantly fewer Edelweiss Pirates, with 2,000 compared to 8 million in the Hitler Youth