Water

• Properties of Water

  A) Polarity of water

  B) Allows water to be suitable habitat

  C) Optimal temperature maintained within cells and bodies

  D) Coolant

  E) Many hydrogen bonds

  
• What is the composition of a water molecule?

  One oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded together
• Why does the oxygen atom in water have a weak negative region?

  Because it attracts electrons more strongly than hydrogen
• What charge does hydrogen have in a water molecule?

  Weak positive charge
• What type of molecule is water due to its charge distribution?

  Polar molecule
• What is a dipole molecule?

  A molecule that has partial negative and positive charges
• What charge does oxygen have in a water molecule?

  Negatively charged
• What charge does hydrogen have in a water molecule?

  Positively charged
• What type of bonds do water molecules form?

  Hydrogen bonds
• How many hydrogen bonds can each hydrogen atom in water form?

  One hydrogen bond
• How many hydrogen bonds can each oxygen atom in water form?

  Two hydrogen bonds
• What is the effect of many hydrogen bonds in water?

  They cause water to have a strong structure
• What are some properties of water due to hydrogen bonds?


  They are responsible for many of water's properties
• What are the properties of water in its liquid state?

  • Low viscosity, flows easily
  • Provides habitats for aquatic animals
  • Acts as a reaction medium (cytoplasm)
  • Major component of tissues and cells
  • Serves as a transport medium
• What happens to solutes when they dissolve in water?

  Water separates the ions and forms hydrogen bonds with them
• Why are solutes more reactive when dissolved in water?

  Because they are separated into ions and can move freely
• What is the significance of water's high specific heat capacity?

  It takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature of water
• Why does water have a high specific heat capacity?

  Because it has many hydrogen bonds that require a lot of energy to break
• How does water help regulate body temperature?

  Water in blood plasma transfers heat around the body
• What is the density of ice compared to liquid water?

  Ice is less dense than liquid water
• What happens to the structure of water when it freezes?

  The hydrogen bonds form a more regular structure, causing expansion
• How does the layer of ice benefit aquatic organisms in winter?

  It insulates water underneath, slowing down heat loss
• What is the latent heat of vaporization in water?

  Water must absorb a large amount of energy to break its hydrogen bonds and evaporate
• What is the cooling effect of evaporation in water?

  Only a little water needs to evaporate for a great loss in heat
• What are the concepts of cohesion and adhesion in water?

  • Cohesion: Water molecules attracted to each other due to hydrogen bonding
  • Adhesion: Water molecules attracted to other polar molecules, forming hydrogen bonds
• How does cohesion benefit water movement in cells?

  It allows columns of water to move through xylem and blood vessels
• What causes surface tension between water and air?

  Cohesion between water molecules
• How does adhesion help in transpiration?

  It enables water to move up the xylem
• What is the role of hydrogen bonds in the properties of water?


  They allow water to exhibit unique properties such as cohesion and high specific heat