Industrial period (1700-1900)

• Give 3 types of law enforcement continued during this period?

  Parish constables (dealt with minor crimes)

  Watchmen (kept eye on private property)

  Soldiers (rebellions + riots)
• Who invented the Bow Street Runners?

  Henry + John Fieldings
• When was the Bow St Runners set up?


  1748
• Who were the Bow St Runners?


  Group of volunteers that patrolled London's streets, investigated crime, presented it in court
• What did they introduce to end highway robbery?

  Horse Patrol
• When did the BSR start collecting rewards from the victims?

  1754
• When were they officially paid by the government?

  1785
• What was the newspaper called that published info about crime?

  The public hue + cry
• Why could you argue the BSR were not successful?

  By 1800, no official gov organised system

  People were afraid they would limit their freedom
• Why were the Met introduced?

  Reduce amounts of crime -> a police force who wouldn't limit freedom
• Who introduced the Met?

  Home Secretary Robert Peel
• When was the Met set up?

  1829
• Describe the Met


  -Centralised Police System

  -Not use weapons

  -Non-military uniform

  -1st professional police force
• How many people were in the Met at the start?

  3200
• What did the gov fear after the French Revolution?

  Unrest
• What were the people worried about with the Met?

  -Means of oppression

  -Believed they were spies

  -Against increased taxation
• What 2 main rules did the Met have to follow?

  -Physical force only when necessary

  -Behave within the law
• When were towns allowed to set up their own police force?

  1835
• What was introduced in 1842?

  A detective unit -> Criminal Investigation Department (200 detectives)
• When was the national crimes record set up?

  1869
• By 1884, how many police forces and officers were there?

  Over 200 + 39,00
• give 3 advantages of the Bow St Runners

  • influenced Peel + later forms of policing
  • improved crime detection
  • Hue + Cry news sheet beginning of crime intelligence network
• give 3 disadvantages of the Bow Street Runners

  • mounted patrols not as successful as their detecting sides
  • only operated in London
• how successful was the Met

  • other towns set up their own police force - 1835
  • patrolled streets where crime was high = visible presence
  • 1829 - 3200 men recruited
  • full time job + well paid
• what did the Police Act do

  force all towns to set up a professional police force in 1856
• why was the Met so significant

  marked a more systematic approach
• when was the Detective Department set up

  1842
• when was the CID set up

  1878
• when did they first convict someone using fingerprint evidence

  1902
• when was the Police Act set up

  1956
• describe some principles Peel had for the Met to calm the public

  • police exist to prevent crime + disorder
  • ability to perform depends on public approval of the police
  • physical force only used when necessary
  • police must not take role of judges + try to judge guilt