WK1

• What is the title of the module discussed in the study material?

  Perception, Eyes and Vision
• What does proximal stimulus refer to in the context of vision?


  Physical energy that impinges on sensory receptors and evokes a change in their membrane potential
• What is the proximal stimulus for vision?


  Light, specifically the pattern of light projected onto the retinas
• What are distal stimuli in vision?


  Perceived objects, structures, or events in the environment that cause proximal stimulation
• How does vision provide knowledge about the environment?


  By deriving information from the light energy that stimulates our retinas
• What is visual perception?


  • Process of obtaining information from light stimulation
  • Making knowledge available for interaction with the environment
  • Involves complex neural machinery
• What is the relationship between proximal and distal stimuli in vision?


  Proximal stimuli are patterns of light energy that allow us to perceive distal stimuli, which are the objects and events in our environment
• What components are involved in the visual machine for seeing color and depth?


  • Ganglion cells (axons form the optic nerve)
  • Photoreceptor cell bodies
  • Intermediate cells (bipolar cells connecting receptors to ganglion cells)
• What do ganglion cells do in the visual system?


  They form the optic nerve
• What is the role of photoreceptor cells in vision?


  They detect light and convert it into neural signals
• What is the function of intermediate cells in the visual system?


  They connect photoreceptors to ganglion cells
• What peculiar phenomena are mentioned in the study material related to vision?


  Color, lightness, and size
• Why is obtaining information about the environment from proximal stimuli considered difficult?


  Because it involves processing complex patterns of energy
• How does the visual machine enable us to understand curious phenomena in vision?


  By processing light patterns to perceive color and depth
• What is the primary function of ganglion cells in the retina?


  They form the optic nerve.
• What do photoreceptor cell bodies do?


  They detect light and convert it into neural signals.
• What role do intermediate cells (bipolar cells) play in the retina?


  They connect photoreceptors to ganglion cells.
• What are the main components of the retina as described in the study material?

  • Ganglion cells
  • Photoreceptor cell bodies
  • Intermediate cells (bipolar cells)
• What is the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell responsible for?


  It is the light-sensitive part.
• What does the inner segment of a photoreceptor cell contain?


  It contains the cell's metabolic machinery.
• How far is the center of the macula from the temporal side?


  1. 35 mm.
• How far is the center of the macula from the nasal side?


  1. 35 mm.
• What are the different regions of the macula mentioned in the study material?


  • Clinical macula
  • Fovea
  • Parafovea
  • Foveola
  • Anatomical macula
  • Perifovea