L6

• Who is the lecturer for PSYC 112 Lecture 6?


  Dr. Rachel Zajac
• What are the stages of children's drawing ability?

  1. Scribbling Stage (2-3 years)
  2. Preschematic Stage (3-4 years)
  3. Schematic Stage (5-6 years)
  4. Realistic Stage (around 9 years)
  5. Period of Indecision
• What characterizes the Scribbling Stage of children's drawing ability?


  It is not representative and occurs at ages 2-3 years.
• What changes occur in children's drawings during the Schematic Stage?

  Substance is added to limbs, arms are correctly placed, and details like clothing and neck representation emerge.
• What marks the beginning of the Realistic Stage in children's drawing ability?


  It begins around 9 years and marks the end of art as a spontaneous activity.
• What is the Period of Indecision in children's drawing development?


  It is a time when children are unsure if art is something to be done or left alone.
• What are the clinical values of children's drawings?

  1. Projective Measures

  • Intelligence (e.g., Draw-A-Person Test)
  • Psychological Wellbeing (e.g., Draw-A-Family Test)
  • Sexual Abuse indicators

  1. Verbal Communication Aid

  • Helps children discuss experiences
  • Content of drawing is not relevant
• What is the Draw-A-Person Test used for?

  It is used as a projective measure of intelligence.
• What is a limitation of the Draw-A-Person Test according to research?


  It is not good at identifying individual cases needing special help.
• What tests are used to assess psychological wellbeing in children?


  Tests include the Draw-A-Family Test, Kinetic Family Drawings, and House-Tree-Person Test.
• What is a significant finding regarding the interpretation of children's drawings in psychological assessments?

  No studies have shown the ability of raters to differentiate between drawings of well-adjusted children and those who are not well-adjusted.
• Why have clinicians sought non-verbal measures of abuse in children?


  Due to difficulties in diagnosing sexual abuse in children.
• What has research suggested about drawings and abuse history?

  Drawings may differ according to abuse history, such as sexual content and use of shading.
• What is a challenge in using drawings to diagnose abuse in children?

  Researchers have yet to find a consistent pattern of graphic indicators that can distinguish the drawings of abused children from those of non-abused counterparts.
• How can drawings serve as a verbal communication aid for children?


  They help children talk about events they have experienced, even if the content of the drawing is not relevant.
• What were the manipulated variables in Butler, Gross, & Hayne's (1995) study?

  The manipulated variables were the type of interview (Draw and Tell vs. Tell) and the question type (Free Recall vs. Directed Recall).
• What were the results of the Draw and Tell study by Butler, Gross, & Hayne?

  Children in the Draw and Tell group reported twice as much information in the Direct Recall phase than the Tell children.
• How did the accuracy of information reported differ between the Draw and Tell group and the Tell group?


  The information reported by the Draw and Tell group was just as accurate as that reported by the Tell group.
• What are the recent findings regarding the beneficial effects of drawing?

  • Beneficial for emotionally laden events
  • Effective for children as young as 3 years and as old as 12 years
  • Effective even with delays of up to a year
  • Applicable in real clinical settings
• Why might drawing work as a communication tool for children?


  It may increase the length of the interview, reduce social barriers, provide retrieval cues, reinstate mental context, or affect the interviewer's behavior.