APUSH Period 2

• Natives in Arctic

  Inuit developed sophisticated hunting techniques for sea mammals
• Natives in Great Plains


  Nomatic cultures developed around buffalo hunting - Lakota, Cheyenne, Comanche
• Natives in Eastern Woodland

  Cultures like the Iroquois developed agricultural societies with complex political structures - Iroquois, Algonquin, Cherokee
• Natives in Southwest

  Pueblo cultures created advanced irrigations systems and multi-story adobe dwellings
• Christopher Columbus


  1492 voyage to the Caribbean
• John Cabot


  Explored North American cost for England (1497)
• Amerigo Vespucci


  Recognized Americas as a new continent (1501-1502)
• Treaty of Tordesillas


  1492 - Divided New World between Spain and Portugal
• Columbian exchange crops, new world to old world


  potatoes, corn, tomatoes
• columbian exchange animals, old to new


  horses, cattle, pigs
• columbian exchange diseases, old to new


  smallpox, measles, influenza
• Spanish missions


  establishments of religious outputs to convert Native Americans to Christianity
• New England Economic products


  shipbuilding, fishing, lumber, small-scale farming
• middle colonies economic products


  grain farming, livestock, iron production
• southern colonies economic systems

  cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo), large-scale plantation agriculture
• What where the 3 main regions involved in the Triangular Trade Route


  Europe (Britain), Africa, The Americas (including the Caribbean)
• What was the purpose of the navigation acts (1651-1673)


  to ensure British economic dominance and limit foreign competition
• how did the triangular trade route go


  Europe sent manufactured goods to Africa -> Africa sent enslaved people to the Americas -> the Americas sent raw materials and cash crops to Europe
• what where the conditions of the navigation acts

  1. All colonial trade had to be conducted using British or colonial ships2. Certain goods (e.g., sugar, tobacco) could only be shipped to England or other British colonies3. Most European goods had to pass through England before reaching the colonies
• what was the impact of the navigation acts


  restricted colonial trade with other nations, encouraged development of colonial shipbuilding, and led to increased smuggling and resentment towards British control
• what were the major colonial port cities

  Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Charleston
• what was the social and cultural impact of colonial cities


  diverse immigration due to colonial impact and trade, centers of education and political activity