The Philippine Constitution and Philippine Presidents

• Constitution of Biak na Bato (1897) - the Philippine Constitution that was patterned after the Spanish Constitution of 1812
• Constitution of Biak na Bato - stipulated the "legal equality of all persons"
• Malolos Constitution (1899) - this constitution was influenced by the Kartilya ng Katipunan and Sanggunian Hukuman
• Malolos Constitution - the division of the government into three branches
• The Commonwealth Constitution (1935) - stipulated the "Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act"
• The Commonwealth Constitution - also stipulated the "Tydings-Mcduffie Act"
• Tydings-Mcduffie Act - an act that provided for full/complete independence for the Philippines
• Constitutional Authoritarianism (1973) - the six-year term for presidency and unlimited times for re-election
• 1987 Constitution - the constitution after martial law
• 1987 Constitution - Philippine Constitution produced by people's representatives
• 1987 Constitution - the constitution that still governed our country up to the present time
• 1986 Constitution - the establishment of three independent constitutional Commissions
• Constitution of Biak na Bato - stipulated the "freedom of the press and tolerance of all religious sects"
• Three Branches of the Philippine Government: Executive, Legislative, Judicial
• Constitution of Biak na Bato - also stipulated the "abolition of the power of the government to banish civil citizens"
• 1987 Constitution - the constitution where the Party List was crafted
• 1987 Constitution - was ratified by Citizen Assemblies instead of the usual plebiscite
• 1987 Constitution imposed that a Martial Law is limited to 60 days only
• Executive Branch - the branch of the government headed by the president along with the appointed cabinet
• The Legislative is divided into two houses: Senate, House of Representatives
• House of Representative - composed of district representatives representing a particular geographic area and make up around 80% of the total number of representatives
• Senate - are elected by the popular vote, and can serve no more that two consecutive six-year terms
• How many members should the Senate have?

  24 senators
• Judicial - composed of a Supreme Court and lower courts as created by law
• Three Independent Constitutional Commissions: Civil Service Commission, Commission of Elections, Commission on Audit
• Emilio Aguinaldo - started as a member of the Magdalo chapter of the Katipunan
• Aguinaldo was elected president at the revolutionary government at the Tejeros Convention
• Aguinaldo established the Biak na Bato Republic
• Aguinaldo was the youngest president at age of 28
• Manuel L. Quezon - First president of the Philippine Commonwealth
• Jose P. Laurel - president of the 2nd Republic
• Jose P. Laurel - was known as "puppet president"
• Manuel L. Quezon was known as the "Father of the National Language"
• Manuel L. Quezon - initiated "women's suffrage" in the Philippine
• Laurel established a school name "Lyceum of the Philippines (LPU)"
• Sergio Osmena - 2nd Philippine President during the Commonwealth
• Manuel Roxas - first president of the third republic
• The third Republic of the Philippines - marked the culmination of the peaceful campaign of the Commonwealth
• July 4, 1946 - the inauguration date of the third Republic of the Philippines
• Manuel Roxas - the last president of the Commonwealth; was a pro-american