2023

• Dr Smith wants to study infants’ depth perception. She recruits 6-month-olds, 8- month-olds, and 10-month-olds, and examines their behaviour on each side of the visual cliff apparatus. Her study is best described as:

  experimental and cross-sectional
• Ellen has been playing “find the dolly” with her 8-month-old daughter Ruby. When Ellen moves the toy out of view, Ruby is likely to:


  search for the toy in the last place she saw it
• Thomas can pass Piaget’s diorama test of egocentrism. He displays an understanding of object permanence. When asked “what would it be like to live on Mars?” he replies “I’ve never been there, but I guess it would be pretty cold and rocky and I’d probably feel lonely.” With which Piagetian stage do Thomas’ abilities correspond?

  formal operational
• following statements is TRUE.

  Piaget emphasised qualitative changes in children’s abilities, whereas more modern researchers tend to emphasise quantitative changes.
• You are visiting a friend in hospital when you see a little girl telling her father that she wants to be a doctor. The father tells her that she should be more concerned about marrying someone with a good salary so that she can stay at home and raise children. The father is describing:

  a gender stereotype
• Ollie’s parents are trying to get him to stop biting his sister. They notice that harsh punishments don’t seem to have much effect on Ollie’s biting behaviour. When they move to a more subtle form of discipline, it’s not long before Ollie starts treating his sister with respect all of the time. This is an example of:


  the principle of minimal sufficiency
• Kohlberg conceptualised moral development as a progression through a series of stages. According to his theory:


  people who are concerned about what people think of them are more morally advanced than those who are motivated by the threat of punishment
• Which of the following is true of imaginary companions?

  Prior to the 1980s, imaginary companions were probably described in spiritual or religious terms.
• Butler, Gross, and Hayne (1995) examined the effect of drawing on children’s reports about a trip to the fire station. “Draw and tell” and “tell” children ______________ in the amount of details provided during free recall, and ______________ in the accuracy of the information they provided.

  differed; differed
• When learning to draw human figures, children progress through a predictable series of stages. Which of the following shows stages in chronological order?

  Separation of head and trunk, representation of neck, substance added to limbs, use of profile.
• As the questions that interviewers ask children become more specific, children provide ______________ information, and that information becomes ______________ accurate.

  more; more
• Which of the following statements is true about Boyatzis and colleagues’ (1995) study looking at the effect of Power Rangers on children’s behaviour?

  Those who watched Power Rangers committed 7 aggressive acts for every aggressive act committed by a control child. (b) The lowest rate of aggressive acts was observed for girls in the control group. (c) The study provides no information about the long-term effects of violent TV on children’s behaviour.
• A fundamental difference between psychodynamic and cognitive theorists is the relative importance of:


  feelings versus thoughts
• Symptom(s) of a major depressive episode include

  anhedonia
• Dr Katz is currently treating a patient for depression. In his therapeutic approach he pays special attention to the patient’s maladaptive thinking processes. He focuses on changing the ways in which the patient interprets negative environmental events. Which model of psychotherapy does Dr Katz most likely subscribe to?

  a cognitive model
• Which of the following statements is correct regarding the difference between fear and anxiety?

  Anxiety is more future-oriented, whereas fear is more automatic.
• Which of the following are TRUE about phobias?


  They are evoked by specific circumstances or situations. (b) The fear experienced is out of proportion to the situation and is beyond voluntary control. (c) Avoidance is a characteristic feature.
• Which of the following is a psychotic disorder?


  Delusional Disorder.
• Bipolar Disorder ____________________.

  can be effectively treated with Lithium in many cases
• Eating disorder


  are more similar than they are distinct
• Which of the following is FALSE about substance use disorders?


  NZ European/Pākehā have lower prevalence rates than Māori
• The strongest predictor of conduct disorder is:

  the combination of early antisocial behaviour and deviant peers
• Roger has lots of unusual ideas. Frequently, he will think about how he can best grow alien DNA in his bathtub or try to find ways to communicate with space. He is also quite socially anxious and suspicious of others’ intentions. Roger most likely meets diagnostic criteria for _____________ personality disorder


  schizotypal
• Which of the following is FALSE about the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders?

  Mental health professionals prefer the traditional DSM model.
• Language can be said to be organized hierarchically – from the largest linguistic unit to the smallest the order would be


  sentence, phrase, word, morpheme, phoneme
• When infants and very young children live in environments where they have little or no exposure to or experience with language, their language development is severely limited. These limitations are not reversible. This supports which of the following terms?

  critical periods of development
• When babies are born they

  can hear sounds from across a range of languages.
• . In English the syntactic word order is


  subject – verb – object
• A group of people a marooned on an island. They all speak different languages so develop which of the following to communicate with each other?

  Pidgin language
• Mintz identified “frequent frames” (little combinations that frame a word class) the frequent frame “you ….it” denotes the word class

  verb
• If you are given a problem to solve and think about the problem overnight you are using ----------- to aid your thinking?

  incubation
• If the lecturer announces that “Wednesday’s lecture has been moved forward two days” what day is the lecture now on?

  Friday from a time – moving perspective. (b) Friday from an ego - moving perspective. (c) Monday from an ego – moving perspective (d) None of the above
• Using the normal distribution IQ scores, where 100 is the average of an age group, how many of the age group scores will fall between 85 and 115?

  Two thirds
• According to Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences, the ability to be aware of one’s own words, language, and writing is called


  Linguistic Intelligence.
• The Discussion section of a lab report should

  discuss limitations of your study.