Intro

• Name the 4 biological molecules.

  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
• What are all the BM based on ?

  Carbon
• What else do they all contain?

  hydrogen and oxygen sometimes nitrogen
• What is the definition of a monomer?

  One of the many small molecules that combine to form a larger one (polymer)
• Whats the definition of a polymer?

  A large molecule made up of single repeating units (monomers).
• Give 3 examples of monomers.

  monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotides
• Give 3 examples of polymers.

  Polysaccharides, polypeptides, DNA/RNA
• What is a condensation reaction?


  When two molecules join together to form a single molecule and in the process water is lost.
• What is a hydrolysis reaction?

  When large organic molecules are broken down to simpler molecules [e.g. digestion] then they often need to react with water
• What are carbohydrates?

  A group of organic molecules that includes sugars and starch.
• What is the basic monomer of carbohydrates?

  Sugar AKA saccharide
• What would a single monomer be called ?

  monosaccharide
• What would a pair of monomers be called ?

  disaccharide
• What would a large chain of monomers be called?

  polysaccharide
• What is the general formula for monosaccharides?

  (CH20)n .
• What reaction makes a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

  A condensation reaction.
• What bonds two monosaccharides together?

  A glycosidic bond
• What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

  Alpha- hydroxyl group is oriented down Beta - hydroxyl group oriented up
• What kind of reaction breaks down a disaccharide?

  A hydrolysis reaction
• glucose + glucose =

  maltose
• glucose + fructose =

  sucrose
• glucose + galactose=

  lactose