Reliability & Validity of Diagnosis

• What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 schizophrenia?

  Type 1 is acute with positive symptoms and responsive to medication, while type 2 is chronic with negative symptoms and poorer prospects of recovery.
• What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?


  • Symptoms that distort behavior or thoughts in shorter episodes.
  • Additional to normal experiences.
  • Respond to medication.
  • Examples include:
  • Hallucinations (unreal perceptions)
  • Delusions (bizarre beliefs)
• What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

  • Symptoms that disrupt normal functioning in chronic episodes.
  • Respond poorly to antipsychotic treatment.
  • Examples include:
  • Avolition (decrease in motivation)
  • Speech poverty (disorganized thoughts)
  • Affective flattening (reduced emotional range)
  • Anhedonia (loss of pleasure)
  • Catatonia (lack of movement and communication)
• How do positive symptoms of schizophrenia differ from negative symptoms?

  Positive symptoms distort behavior or thoughts and respond to medication, while negative symptoms disrupt normal functioning and respond poorly to treatment.
• What are hallucinations in the context of schizophrenia?

  Hallucinations are unreal perceptions of the environment, usually auditory but can also be visual, olfactory, or tactile.
• What are delusions in schizophrenia?


  Delusions are bizarre beliefs that seem real, such as paranoia, grandeur, and reference.
• What is avolition in schizophrenia?

  Avolition is a decrease in motivation to initiate or perform self-directed and purposeful activities.
• What is speech poverty (alogia) in schizophrenia?


  Speech poverty is the fluency and production of speech that reflects disorganized thoughts.
• What is affective flattening in schizophrenia?

  Affective flattening is a reduction in the range of emotions expressed.
• What is anhedonia in schizophrenia?

  Anhedonia is a loss of interest in any pleasure in all activities or loss of reaction to typically pleasurable stimuli.
• What is catatonia in schizophrenia?


  Catatonia is a lack of movement and communication.