Urinary System & Abdominal Wall

• where does the posterior abdominal wall extend

  from 12th rib to pelvic brim
• what are the 3 main components of the posterior abdominal wall

  bony part

  muscular part

  fascia
• what are the parts of the posterior abdominal wall above the iliac crest

  psoas major

  quadratus lumborum

  transversus abdominis
• what are the parts of the posterior abdominal wall below the iliac crest

  psoas major

  iliacus
• what muscle is only found in 60% of the population

  psoas minor
• what does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia cover

  deep back muscles
• what does the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia do

  separates deep back muscle from quadratus lumborum
• what does the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia cover

  quadratus lumborum
• what is the pathway of urine

  renal pelvis -> ureter -> urinary bladder -> urethra
• what are the main functions of the kidney

  plasma filtration to make urine

  excretion of waste

  acid base homeostasis
• where are the kidneys located

  retroperitoneal space at T12-L3
• which kidney is slightly lower and why

  right due to the liver
• what kidney is closer to the midline

  left
• what happens to kidneys during respiration

  move up and down
• what makes up the renal cortex

  glomeruli proximal and distal tubes
• what makes up the renal medulla

  intermediate tubules, renal pyramids, tubules of juxtamedullary nephrons
• what makes up a renal lobe

  renal pyramid and contiguous cortex
• what do renal calices do

  collect urine from kidney and direct to ureters
• what ribs cover the left kidney

  11 and 12
• what ribs cover the right rib

  12
• what are the types of renal calices

  ampullary

  branching
• what is the function of the ureter

  transport urine from pelvis to bladder
• what are the 3 narrowings of the ureter

  pelviuretic junction

  pelvic brim

  utero-vesical junction
• what are the arteries that supply the ureter

  renal

  internal iliac

  superior vesicular

  middle rectal
• what arteries supply the ureter in only males

  testicular

  ductus deferens
• what arteries supply the ureter in only females

  ovarian

  uterine
• what muscle contracts to let urine out of the bladder

  detrusor
• what is the mechanism of urination

  tension caused by volume of urine

  activates sacral parasympathetic system

  causes contraction of detrusor muscle
• what surrounds the bladder anteriorly

  pubic symphysis
• what surrounds the bladder posteriorly

  rectum (males)

  vagina (females)
• what surrounds the bladder superiorly

  small intestine

  uterus (female)
• what surrounds the bladder inferiorly

  prostate (males)

  urogenital diaphragm (females)
• what is the retropubic space

  between bladder and pubic symphysis
• what is the vesicoumbilical fascia

  between medial umbilical ligaments and median umbilical ligaments
• what does the parietal peritoneum cover

  superior surface of bladder
• what is the retro-vesical pouch of Proust

  between rectum and bladder
• what is the vesico-uterine pouch

  between uterus and bladder
• what is the paravesical space

  between bladder and pelvic wall
• what is the retrovesical septum

  between CT of bladder and rectum
• what muscles are involved in urination

  detrusor

  sphincter

  trigonal

  internal urethral sphincter

  external urethral sphincter