Physics

• What does Newton's First Law of Motion state about an object's motion?


  An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force
• What happens to objects at rest according to Newton's First Law?


  They tend to stay at rest
• What happens to objects in motion according to Newton's First Law?


  They tend to stay in motion
• What is required to change an object's motion according to Newton's First Law?


  An external force
• Give an example that illustrates Newton's First Law of Motion.


  A book on a table will remain stationary unless a force moves it
• What is one practical application of Newton's First Law of Motion?


  It helps in designing safety features in vehicles, like seat belts
• What does Newton's Second Law of Motion state?


  The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass
• What is the equation that represents Newton's Second Law of Motion?


  $F =$$m \cdot a$
• What happens to acceleration when more force is applied according to Newton's Second Law?


  More force leads to more acceleration
• What happens to acceleration when mass increases according to Newton's Second Law?


  More mass leads to less acceleration
• How does pushing an empty shopping cart compare to pushing a full one?

  Pushing an empty cart results in faster acceleration than pushing a full cart
• What does Newton's Third Law of Motion state?


  For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
• What are the key points of Newton's Third Law of Motion?


  Forces come in pairs, equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, acting on different objects
• Give an example that illustrates Newton's Third Law of Motion.


  When you jump off a boat, you push the boat backwards while the boat pushes you forward
• What is electric current?


  Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor.
• How is electric current measured?


  Electric current is measured in amperes (A).
• What is voltage?

  Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points in a circuit.
• How is voltage measured?


  Voltage is measured in volts (V).
• In which direction does current flow in relation to voltage?


  Current flows from higher to lower potential (voltage).
• What does Ohm's Law describe?


  Ohm's Law describes the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R).
• What is the formula for Ohm's Law?


  $V =$$I \cdot R$
• If a circuit has a voltage of 12V and a resistance of 4Ω, what is the current?


  $I =$$\frac{V}{R} =$$\frac{12V}{4\Omega} =$$3A$
• What are series circuits?


  Series circuits are electrical circuits where components are connected end-to-end in a single path.
• What is the current behavior in series circuits?


  The same current flows through each component in a series circuit.
• How is voltage distributed in series circuits?


  The total voltage is divided across the components in a series circuit.
• How is total resistance calculated in series circuits?


  Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances in a series circuit.
• In a series circuit with R1 = 2Ω and R2 = 4Ω, what is the total resistance?


  $R_{\text{total}} =$$R_1 +$$R_2 =$$2Ω +$$4Ω =$$6Ω$
• What are parallel circuits?


  Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where components are connected across each other, creating multiple paths for current flow.
• What is the voltage behavior in parallel circuits?


  The same voltage is applied across each parallel branch.
• How is total current calculated in parallel circuits?


  Total current is the sum of currents through each branch in parallel circuits.
• In a parallel circuit with R1 = 4Ω and R2 = 6Ω, what is the total current drawn from a 12V battery?


  $I_{\text{total}} =$$I_1 +$$I_2 =$$3A +$$2A =$$5A$
• What is electrical resistance?

  Electrical resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current in a circuit.
• How is electrical resistance measured?


  Electrical resistance is measured in ohms (Ω).
• What factors affect electrical resistance?


  Length, cross-sectional area, material, and temperature affect electrical resistance.
• What happens to resistance if the length of a wire is doubled?


  The resistance doubles if the length of a wire is doubled.
• How does cross-sectional area affect resistance?


  Thicker conductors have less resistance.
• How does temperature affect resistance?


  For most materials, resistance increases with temperature.
• What happens to total resistance in series circuits?


  Total resistance increases in series circuits.
• What happens to total resistance in parallel circuits?


  Total resistance decreases in parallel circuits.