Humanistic Approach

• What is the focus of humanistic psychology according to Maslow?

  Free will, self-actualization, and the self
• What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs emphasize?

  The progression of a human towards personal growth through the fulfillment of their needs
• What are the key assumptions of the humanistic approach?

  Free will and self-actualization
• What is self-actualization according to Maslow?

  A state characterized by self-awareness and creativity
• What are peak experiences in humanistic psychology?

  Feelings of wonder and euphoria at the world
• What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs categorize?


  Motivations and needs from basic to self-actualization
• What are the basic physiological needs according to Maslow?


  Food, water, shelter, and sleep
• What need is not being met if someone is worried about paying rent?

  Safety needs
• What need is not being met if someone feels lonely and is trying to make new friends?

  Belongingness needs
• What need is not being met if someone is working overtime for a security system?

  Safety needs
• What need is not being met if a successful lawyer wants to change careers to teach?

  Self-actualization needs
• What need is not being met if someone is struggling to stay awake during an exam?

  Physiological needs
• What need is not being met if someone is working hard for a promotion?

  Esteem needs
• What need is not being met if someone is learning to meditate for inner peace?

  Self-actualization needs
• What need is not being met if someone is focused on a healthy diet?

  Physiological needs
• What did Aronoff's (1967) study reveal about job security and hierarchy of needs?

  Cane cutters were at lower levels than fishermen, indicating lower needs must be met first
• What is a limitation of Maslow's theory regarding self-destructive behavior?

  It assumes all individuals are striving towards the best version of themselves
• What is a limitation of Maslow's theory regarding individuals at higher levels of the hierarchy?

  It cannot explain individuals with unmet basic needs who are creative
• What is the focus of humanistic psychology according to Rogers?

  Free will, self-actualisation, and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
• What is an advantage of Maslow's holistic approach?

  It considers many factors in human behavior
• What does Rogers believe individuals strive to achieve?

  Their ideal selves motivated by self-improvement
• How has Maslow's hierarchy been applied in real-world contexts?

  It has been used in business and education to help individuals meet their potential
• How can Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs be linked to economic development?

  • Lower economic development correlates with unmet basic needs.
  • Higher levels of needs are pursued as basic needs are fulfilled.
• How does Rogers describe the resources within each client?

  They have vast resources for self-understanding and altering self-concept
• What cultural variations exist in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  • In collectivist cultures, belongingness needs may be prioritized over self-actualization.
  • Individualistic cultures may emphasize self-actualization more.
• What aspect of psychology did Rogers feel Freud focused on?

  The "sick half" of psychology
• What is a limitation of the holistic approach in Maslow's theory?

  It prevents isolating variables for scientific study
• What are the key terms associated with Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

  • Humanistic Approach
  • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
  • Physiological Needs
  • Safety Needs
  • Belongingness Needs
  • Esteem Needs
  • Self-Actualization
  • Peak Experiences
• What does a score of 100 represent in the congruence test?


  A perfect match of self and ideal self
• Where can you find further study on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?


  On the Simply Psychology website
• How does Rogers view self-actualisation?


  As a flexible journey, not a destination
• What leads to congruence according to Rogers?


  When the ideal self and self-concept match up
• What can lead to maladjustment and psychological problems?

  Incongruence
• How does self-concept develop according to Rogers?


  Based on how we’re treated by others
• What is the aim of client-centred therapy?


  • Remove incongruence
  • Help the person become their ideal self
  • Focus on the client guiding the session
  • Provide unconditional positive regard
• How does the therapist respond to a client expressing frustration with their parents?

  By reflecting the client's feelings and acknowledging their experience
• How does the therapist demonstrate unconditional positive regard when a client shares feelings of shame?

  By not judging the client and appreciating their honesty
• How does the therapist help the client become more aware of their feelings during a session?

  By drawing attention to the client's body language
• Why does the therapist redirect a question back to the client instead of offering advice?

  Because the client must make their own decisions
• How does the therapist address the client's conditions of worth in their statement about parental expectations?

  By helping the client recognize the burden of living up to those expectations