Functionalist perceptive of crime

• Why to functionalists argue crime is functional?


  reinforces value consensus and social solidarity
• Who developed the idea of safety valve?


  cohen and Kingsley 1961
• What does safety valve theory suggest about deviance?


  deviance allows for people to let of steam in a reasonably harmless way
• What example of deviance does Cohen give for safety valve?


  prostitution
• What’s anomie?


  .people lack shared norms and values
• How is anomie resloved?


  throughy illegitimate means such as innovation
• What’s atrophy?

  erosion of societies norms and values
• What’s an example of beneficial change from crime and deviance?

  Suffragette movement
• When did women get the vote?


  in 1918 women over the age of 30 who met the requirements could vote
• Why did Durkheim argue modern societies tend towards deviance?


  .they have complex divisions of labour which leads to differences in communities and weakens shared culture and increases anomie
• What are two positive functions of crime according to Durkheim?


  boundary maintenance and adaption and change
• What’s adaption and change ?


  .All change starts with deviance as individuals with new ideas must not be stifled by the weight of social control
• What’s a critique of Durkheim ?


  .says society needs a certain amount of deviance to function but doesn’t specify how much
• What’s a critique of cohen?


  . prostitution may be functional as a safety valve for men but not for the illegally sex trafficked worker who has to meet his needs. Functionalism ignores the negative impacts of crimes
• According to Ohlin and Cloward what are the three types of deviant subcultures?


  criminal retreatist and conflict
• What did Merton alter anomie to mean ?


  .the disjunction between means and the opportunities to achieve them
• What’s status frustration?


  working class boys are unable to gain status legitimately due to middle class values of the education system
• Who wanted to explain why different subcultures emerge in different regions?

  cloward and ohlin
• Who came up with status fraustration?


  cohen
• what’s strain theory?


  strain between legitimate goals and the means to achieve them
• Who came up with strain theory?

  merton
• What are the deviant adaptions to strain?


  conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion