DNA

• What is the focus of today's video?

  Today's video focuses on genetic terms related to DNA.
• What is an allele?


  An allele is a different version of the same gene.
• What are the differences between dominant and recessive alleles?


  Dominant alleles are expressed over recessive alleles.
• What do homozygous and heterozygous mean?


  Homozygous means having two identical alleles, while heterozygous means having two different alleles.
• What is the definition of a gene?


  A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular type of protein.
• How do genes determine characteristics?


  Genes we inherit determine the characteristics we develop.
• Can traits be determined by a single gene?


  Yes, some traits are determined by a single gene.
• What is an example of a trait determined by a single gene?

  Fur color in mice is an example of a trait determined by a single gene.
• How are characteristics like height determined?


  Characteristics like height are often determined by several different genes that interact with each other.
• What are alleles in relation to genes?


  Alleles are different forms of the same gene.
• How many copies of each gene do we have?


  We have two copies of every gene, one from each parent.
• What does it mean to be homozygous for an allele?


  Being homozygous means having two identical alleles for a gene.
• What does it mean to be heterozygous for an allele?


  Being heterozygous means having two different alleles for a gene.
• If a mouse is heterozygous for fur color with one allele coding for purple fur and the other for green fur, what color will it be if purple is dominant?

  The mouse will be purple.
• What is the relationship between dominant and recessive alleles?


  The dominant allele is expressed when present, while the recessive allele is only expressed when both alleles are recessive.
• What is the only way to have a green mouse in the example given?

  A green mouse can only occur if both alleles are for green fur, making it homozygous recessive.
• What is the genotype?


  The genotype is the entire collection of alleles that an individual has.
• How do different genotypes relate to phenotypes?


  Different genotypes can result in the same phenotype if they produce the same observable characteristics.
• What is the phenotype?


  The phenotype is the observable characteristics resulting from the genotype.
• How do the heterozygous and homozygous dominant mice compare in phenotype?


  Both the heterozygous and homozygous dominant mice are purple, so they have the same phenotype.
• How does the phenotype of the homozygous recessive mouse differ from the others?


  The homozygous recessive mouse is green, which gives it a different phenotype from the others.
• What are the key terms related to genetics discussed in the video?

  • Allele
  • Dominant
  • Recessive
  • Homozygous
  • Heterozygous
  • Genotype
  • Phenotype
• What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?


  • Genotype: entire collection of alleles
  • Phenotype: observable characteristics from the genotype
  • Different genotypes can lead to the same phenotype
• What is the significance of dominant and recessive alleles in determining traits?


  • Dominant alleles are expressed over recessive alleles
  • Recessive alleles are only expressed when both alleles are recessive