France 1950

• What was the state of France's economy after World War II?


  France's economy was in dire straits with extensive damage, population losses, inflation, and shortages.
• What were some of the major economic challenges France faced after World War II?


  Major challenges included physical damage, population losses, high inflation, and shortages of basic goods.
• By 1945, what percentage of industrial production was France at compared to pre-war levels?

  40%
• What was the Marshall Plan and its purpose for France?

  The Marshall Plan was a U.S. initiative to aid Western European countries, including France, in post-war recovery.
• How much aid did France receive from the Marshall Plan?


  About $2.3 billion.
• What were the key aims of the Marshall Plan for France?


  To modernize industry and boost economic growth.
• How did the Marshall Plan help France in terms of imports?


  It helped France import essential goods and raw materials.
• What was the economic approach adopted by France in the 1950s?


  France adopted a dirigiste (state-directed) approach to economic recovery and modernization.
• What was one of the key aspects of France's economic policies in the 1950s?


  Implementation of five-year plans to guide economic development.
• What was the Monnet Plan focused on?

  The Monnet Plan focused on modernizing key sectors like coal, electricity, steel, and transportation.
• How did France's economic approach in the 1950s differ from a fully centrally-planned economy?


  France maintained a mixed economy with both private and public sectors, unlike a fully centrally-planned economy.
• What were some characteristics of France's economic policy in the 1950s?

  Use of five-year plans, nationalization of key industries, and indicative planning.
• What industries were nationalized in France during the 1950s?


  Key industries like energy, transport, and banking.
• What were the major focuses of France's industrial modernization in the 1950s?

  Modernization of key industries, technological innovation, infrastructure development, and automation.
• Which company modernized its factories and introduced new car models in the 1950s?


  Renault.
• What were some social and economic consequences of France's recovery in the 1950s?


  Rise in living standards, urbanization, changes in employment, baby boom, and social mobility.
• What was a significant demographic change in France during the 1950s?


  Increased birth rates and population growth, known as the baby boom.
• What percentage of French households owned a refrigerator in 1960?

  25.3%
• How did the economic recovery in France affect employment structures?

  There was a shift from agriculture to industry and services.
• What was one of the social mobility outcomes of France's economic recovery in the 1950s?

  Expansion of the middle class.
• What regional issue arose from France's economic recovery in the 1950s?

  Regional disparities with uneven development between regions.
• What legal code influenced the status of women in 1950s France?

  Napoleonic Code
• What were the legal rights of women compared to men in 1950s France?


  Women had fewer legal rights than men.
• What was the marital authority situation for women in 1950s France?

  Husbands had legal authority over their wives.
• Could married women in 1950s France own property without their husband's permission?


  No, married women couldn't own property without their husband's permission.
• When did women gain the right to vote in France?


  1944
• When was the right to vote first exercised by women in France?

  In 1945
• What action could a married woman in 1950s France legally do without her husband's permission?

  Vote in national elections
• What characterized women's participation in the workforce during the 1950s in France?


  Women were often restricted to certain professions.
• How did women's wages compare to men's in the 1950s French workforce?


  Women typically earned less than men for similar work.
• Why did many women work part-time in the 1950s in France?

  To balance work and family responsibilities.
• What percentage of the French workforce did women make up in 1954?

  34%
• In which sectors were women primarily concentrated in the 1950s French workforce?

  Lower-paying sectors.
• What was the primary expectation of women in family life during the 1950s in France?

  To be homemakers and mothers.
• What was the average family size in 1950s France compared to today?


  The average family size was larger than today.
• What was the legal status of contraception in 1950s France?

  Birth control was illegal until 1967.
• What domestic responsibilities were women expected to manage in 1950s France?


  Household chores and childcare.
• How was societal pressure related to women's roles in 1950s France?


  There was significant societal pressure to conform to traditional gender roles.
• How would a woman pursuing a full-time career and remaining childless be viewed in 1950s France?


  As unconventional and possibly selfish.
• What characterized women's education in 1950s France?

  More women were gaining access to education compared to previous decades.