gender

• What is the primary female hormone important in the development of the menstrual cycle and reproductive system?

  Oestrogen
• What is the role of oxytocin?

  Stimulates lactation, reduces cortisol, and facilitates bonding
• How do individuals classify themselves in terms of gender identity?


  By creating their individual sense of self
• What does sex refer to in biological terms?

  Biological characteristics that determine whether a person is male or female
• Is sex innate or learned?

  Innate
• How is gender defined?

  As the social and psychological characteristics of males and females
• What are sex-role stereotypes?

  Qualities and characteristics seen as appropriate for each sex
• What are the female sex-role stereotypes?

  • Nurturing
  • Co-operative
  • Domestic
  • Emotional
  • Passive
• What are the male sex-role stereotypes?

  • Strong
  • Independent
  • Physical
  • Aggressive
  • Unemotional
• What are the sources of sex-role stereotypes?

  Primary socialisation, school, careers, media, culture
• What is gender dysphoria?

  Feelings of distress that lasts for at least 6 months when assigned gender does not match gender identity
• What does androgyny refer to?

  Co-existence of masculine and feminine characteristics within an individual
• What is a genotype?

  The genetic makeup of a being
• What determines being male or female?

  A pair of chromosomes and reproductive anatomy
• What are the female chromosomes?

  XX
• What are the male chromosomes?

  XY
• What may happen if one's sex doesn't match their gender?

  They may decide to have gender reassignment surgery
• What are hormones?

  Chemical substances produced in the body that regulate activity of cells or organs
• What governs gender?

  Hormones
• What are male hormones also known as?

  Androgens
• What hormone do women typically produce more than men?

  Oxytocin
• What is the role of testosterone in gender development?

  Controls the development of male sex organs and is associated with aggression
• When does the development of male sex organs begin?

  At 8 weeks of foetal development
• What is the role of oestrogen in gender development?

  Determines female sex characteristics and menstruation
• Where is testosterone primarily produced?

  Mainly in the male testes
• How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

  23 pairs
• What determines biological sex?

  The X and Y chromosomes
• What are feminine traits?

  • Caring
  • Nurturing
  • Emotional
• What are masculine traits?

  • Assertive
  • Strong
  • Independent
• What does transgender mean?

  Identifying more with the opposite sex than assigned at birth
• What is a gender role?

  Conforming to a gender identity by behaving in a gender-appropriate manner
• What is the Bem Sex Role Inventory known as?

  BSRI
• How was the Bem Sex Role Inventory developed?

  By asking students to rate personality traits as masculine or feminine
• What is the purpose of the Bem Sex Role Inventory?

  To measure the mix of stereotypically masculine and feminine traits in an individual
• Why does Bem suggest that androgyny is advantageous?

  Because it provides traits needed to cope with a range of situations
• How does the BSRI work?

  People rate themselves for traits on a scale of 1 to 7
• What is a strength of the BSRI?

  High test-retest reliability
• What is a limitation of the BSRI?

  It reduces femininity and masculinity to a single score
• What is a strength of the importance of hormones in shaping behavior according to Lombardo et al.?


  Hormones in the womb have a lasting impact on individuals
• What did the Cambridge Autism Research Centre find regarding testosterone?


  There is a link between testosterone levels and autism