Topic 3-infection and response

• What are antibiotics?


  Medicines that help to cure bacterial disease by killing infective bacteria inside the body.
• What is the purpose of clinical drug testing?


  To test drugs on healthy human volunteers and patients.
• What is a communicable disease?


  A disease that can be spread between individuals either directly or indirectly.
• What is a double blind trial?


  A study where neither the researcher nor the patient knows whether the patient is taking the drug or a placebo.
• What causes gonorrhoea?

  A bacterium.
• What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?


  A thick yellow or green discharge and pain on urinating.
• What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?


  An infectious virus that weakens the immune system and can lead to AIDS.
• What disease is caused by a protist and can be fatal?


  Malaria.
• What are the symptoms of measles?


  Fever and a red skin rash.
• What are monoclonal antibodies?


  Antibodies produced from a single clone of cells that are specific to one binding site on one protein antigen.
• What is a non-communicable disease?


  A disease which cannot be spread between individuals.
• What is non-specific defence?


  General physical and chemical barriers that defend the body against various pathogens.
• What are pathogens?


  Microorganisms that cause infectious disease.
• What is a placebo?


  A substance designed to be indistinguishable from a drug being tested but has no actual effect.
• What is preclinical drug testing?


  Drug testing done in a laboratory using cells, tissues, and live animals.
• What is rose black spot?


  A fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on leaves.
• What are the symptoms of salmonella infection?


  Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhoea.
• What are side effects of drugs?


  Other additional effects that the drug has that are different from the expected effect.
• What is Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)?


  A widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants.
• What is vaccination?


  The process of introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate antibody production.
• What is the role of white blood cells?


  They make up the immune system and produce antibodies and antitoxins.