Physics 2 - Forces

• What is the main objective of the practical described in the video?


  To investigate how varying force and mass affect the acceleration of an object
• How does varying the force affect the acceleration of an object of constant mass?


  It increases the acceleration as the force increases
• What happens when varying the mass of an object while keeping the force constant?


  The acceleration decreases as the mass increases
• What equipment is used in the practical investigation?

  • Toy car
  • String
  • Pulley
  • 100 gram mass
  • Timer
  • Chalk for distance markers
• How is the force acting on the toy car provided in the experiment?


  By the weight of the 100 gram mass attached to the string
• Why is it suggested to record the experiment on a mobile phone?


  To accurately capture the time as the car passes each distance marker
• What is the significance of decreasing the mass on the end of the string during the experiment?


  It allows the investigation of how changing force affects acceleration
• What does Newton's second law of motion state regarding acceleration?


  The acceleration of an object is proportional to the force applied
• What must be done to keep the overall mass of the object constant when decreasing the mass on the string?


  The mass removed from the string must be added to the toy car
• How does the experiment investigate the effect of varying mass on acceleration with a constant force?

  By attaching additional mass to the toy car while keeping the force constant
• What does Newton's second law imply about the relationship between mass and acceleration?


  The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to its mass
• What should be expected when increasing the mass of the toy car in the experiment?


  The acceleration of the toy car will decrease
• What is the unit of measurement for forces?

  Newton
• What are the two types of forces?

  • Contact forces
  • Non-contact forces
• What are examples of contact forces?

  Friction, air resistance, tension, and normal contact force
• What are examples of non-contact forces?

  Gravitational attraction, electrostatic force, and magnetic force
• What is a vector?

  A vector has both size and direction
• How can a force be represented visually?

  With an arrow where the length indicates size and direction indicates direction
• What is the difference between mass and weight?

  Weight is a force caused by mass in a gravitational field
• In what units is weight measured?

  Newtons
• In what units is mass measured?

  Kilograms
• What is the gravitational field strength on Earth?

  Approximately 9.8 Newtons per kilogram
• What is the gravitational field strength on the Moon?

  Approximately 1.6 Newtons per kilogram
• How do you convert mass in kilograms to weight in Newtons on Earth?

  Multiply by 9.8
• What instrument is used to measure weight?

  Newton meter
• What instrument is used to measure mass?

  Mass balance
• Where does the weight of an object act?

  At the center of mass
• What is the resultant force?

  The overall force acting on an object
• If a 10 Newton force acts to the right and a 5 Newton force acts to the left, what is the resultant force?

  5 Newtons to the right
• What does a free body diagram represent?

  • All forces acting on an object
  • The resultant force
  • The size and direction of each force
• How can forces be resolved into components?

  By breaking a force into vertical and horizontal components
• What is work done on an object?

  Work done is when a force is applied over a distance
• What is the formula for work done?

  $W =$$F \times d$
• In what units is work done measured?

  Joules
• What is one Joule defined as?

  Work done when a force of one Newton causes a displacement of one meter
• What is the difference between elastic and inelastic materials?

  • Elastic: Returns to original shape after force is removed
  • Inelastic: Does not return to original shape
• What does the equation $F =$$k \times e$ represent?


  Force is proportional to the extension of a spring
• What are the units for spring constant (k)?

  Newtons per meter
• What is the formula for elastic potential energy stored in a spring?

  $E =$$\frac{1}{2} k e^2$
• What is the moment of a force?

  The turning effect of a force