Cell specialisation

• How is a sperm cell specialised?

  It's streamlined with a long tail, has an acrosome containing enzymes, and a large number of mitochondria
• What does a sperm cell do?

  Fertilises an egg
• What does a xylem do?

  Transports water and minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves, this is a process called transpiration
• How is a xylem cell specialised?

  It is made of dead cells with cell walls toughened by lignin, the water and minerals flow in one direction
• What does a nerve cell do?

  Carries electrical signs
• How is a nerve cell specialised?

  It has long branched connections and insulating sheath
• Name 3 specialised animal cells

  Nerve, sperm and muscle
• How are muscle cells adapted to their function?

  It is an arrangement of protein filaments that allows them to slide over each other to produce muscle contraction, it has mitochondria that provide energy for muscle contraction
• How are root hair cells specialised?

  They have a large surface area to absorb nutrients and water from surrounding soil and thin walls that do not restrict water absorbtion
• How are phloem cells adapted to their function?

  They have sieve cells that let dissolved amino acids and sugars to be transported up and down the cell, and companion cells that provide energy needed for active transport of substances along the phloem