binary fission and viral replication

• What is the first step in binary fission of prokaryotes?

  DNA and plasmids replicate
• How many times can plasmids be replicated during binary fission?

  Plasmids can be replicated many times
• What happens to the cell during the second step of binary fission?

  The cell elongates and DNA moves to opposite poles
• What begins to form during the third step of binary fission?

  New cell walls begin to form
• What is produced at the end of the binary fission process?

  Two daughter cells, each with an identical DNA loop
• What can vary between the two daughter cells produced by binary fission?

  The number of plasmid copies
• What type of cells are fungi classified as?

  Fungi are eukaryotic cells
• How do fungi differ from plant cells?

  Fungi contain no chloroplasts and have cell walls made of chitin
• What are the main categories of microorganisms?

  • Prokaryote
  • Protoctista
  • Fungi
  • Viruses
  • Bacteria
• What is required for viruses to reproduce?

  Viruses require the aid of a living cell
• What is the first step in virus replication?

  Virus detects host cell by recognizing protein marker
• How does a virus attach to a host cell?

  Using attachment proteins
• What happens after the virus injects its genetic material into the host cell?


  The cell reproduces the genetic material and creates new viral proteins
• What does the host cell machinery do during virus replication?

  It replicates the genetic material and proteins
• What occurs after the viral components are assembled?

  Replicated viruses are released from the host cell
• What are the steps of virus replication?

  1. Virus attaches to host cell receptor proteins
  2. Genetic material is released into the host cell
  3. Genetic material and proteins are replicated by host cell machinery
  4. Viral components assemble
  5. Replicated viruses are released from the host cell
• Protein Marker


  A protein on the surface of the host cell that allows the virus to recognize and bind to it, initiating the infection process.
• Attachment


  The first step in virus replication, where the virus recognizes a protein marker on the surface of the host cell and attaches itself to it, allowing entry into the cell.