Working memory model

• Who developed the Working Memory Model (WMM)?


  Baddeley and Hitch
• What is the primary purpose of the Working Memory Model?


  To explain how information is processed in short-term memory
• What technique did Baddeley and Hitch use to develop the WMM?


  Dual-task technique
• What does the dual-task technique suggest about short-term memory (STM)?


  Some STM processes can occur simultaneously without interference
• What is the role of the central executive in the WMM?


  It directs attention to tasks and processes information from various stores
• How many stores are identified in the Working Memory Model?


  Five stores
• What are the components of the Working Memory Model?


  1. Central Executive
  2. Phonological Loop
  3. Visuospatial Sketchpad
  4. Episodic Buffer
  5. Inner Ear (for auditory information)
• What type of scans have shown that different areas of the brain are used for visual and auditory tasks?

  PET (positron emission tomography) scans
• How do PET scans relate to the Three-channel model of KF WMM?


  They show that different brain areas are activated during visual and auditory tasks
• What does the evidence from PET scans suggest about short-term memory (STM)?

  It suggests that STM is not uni-modal and involves separate structures for verbal and visual material
• What type of evidence supports the Working Memory Model (WMM) regarding physiological aspects?


  Physiological evidence from PET scans
• What do PET scans indicate about the brain's function in relation to WMM?


  Different areas of the brain are used for visual and verbal tasks
• How does the evidence from PET scans support the WMM?


  It suggests that verbal and visual materials are processed by separate structures
• Who reported the case of KF and what was his condition?


  Shallice and Warrington reported KF's brain damage from a motorcycle accident
• What was KF's specific deficit in short-term memory (STM)?


  His deficit was for verbal information
• What does KF's case suggest about the storage of verbal and auditory material in the brain?


  It suggests that they are stored separately
• What limitation does KF's case present for the WMM evidence?


  It is limited to only one individual with unique brain structures
• What aspect of music processing does the WMM struggle to explain?


  How we process music
• What evidence did Berz (1995) provide regarding music and acoustic tasks?


  Participants could listen to instrumental music without impairing performance on other tasks
• What implication does Berz's evidence have for the WMM's phonological loop?


  It suggests that music does not overload the phonological loop as expected
• What question arises regarding the role of the central executive in the WMM based on the evidence presented?


  The clarity of the central executive's role can be questioned
• What are the key points of evaluation for the Working Memory Model (WMM)?


  • Physiological evidence from PET scans supports separate processing for verbal and visual tasks.
  • KF's case shows separate storage for verbal and visual information but is limited to one individual.
  • Berz's findings indicate that music processing does not overload the phonological loop, questioning the WMM's completeness.
  • The role of the central executive remains unclear.