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    Cards (25)

    • Fertilization
      The process of combining two gametes (sperm and egg or pollen and egg) to form a zygote.
    • Fertilization
      The process of combining two gametes (sperm and egg or pollen and egg) to form a single cell, which develops into a new individual.
    • Significance of Fertilization
      Combines gametes to form a new individual, introduces genetic variation, and is the first step in reproduction, setting the stage for embryonic development.
    • Fusion
      A general term that means combining or merging, often referring to the union of cells, particles, or substances
    • Fertilization
      The specific process of sperm combining with an egg to form a zygote, resulting in the creation of offspring
    • Gametes
      Haploid cells (containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell) specialized for reproduction, such as sperm and eggs
    • Zygote
      The single cell formed as a result of fertilization, containing genetic material from both parents
    • Beta Radiation
      High-energy electrons or positrons. Can be absorbed through skin or lungs, causing damage. More dangerous than alpha radiation but less deadly than gamma radiation.
    • Alpha Radiation
      High-energy helium nucleus, high energy, heavy, and charged. Limited penetration, easily blocked by clothing, air, or a sheet of paper, but more dangerous when inhaled or ingested.
    • Object
      In everyday life, objects are tangible things that can be seen, touched, and held. Examples: a book, a chair, a smartphone. In the context of contamination, objects refer to items that can become contaminated with radioactive particles, such as clothing, equipment, or surfaces.
    • Substance
      In chemistry, a substance is a type of material that has a unique set of properties, such as melting and boiling points, density, and reactivity. Examples: water, air, soil. In the context of contamination, substances could refer to materials that are contaminated with radioactive particles, such as chemicals, isotopes, or compounds.
    • Alpha Decay
      A type of radioactive decay where an atomic nucleus loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons (totaling 4 nucleons) to form a new nucleus with a different element.
    • Proton
      A subatomic particle with a positive charge, found in the nucleus of an atom, carrying 1 unit of positive charge and having a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
    • Neutron
      A subatomic particle with no charge, found in the nucleus of an atom, with a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu) almost identical to that of a proton.
    • Nucleon
      A generic term for protons and neutrons, which are found in the nucleus of an atom and participate in nuclear reactions.
    • Atomic Nucleus
      The central region of an atom where protons and neutrons are found, carrying the nuclear charge and forming the bulk of the atom's mass.
    • Strong Nuclear Force
      A fundamental force of nature that holds quarks together inside protons and neutrons, and holds protons and neutrons together inside the atomic nucleus.
    • Proton-Proton Interaction
      Protons are repelled by each other due to their positive charge.
    • Proton-Neutron Interaction
      Protons and neutrons are attracted to each other due to the strong nuclear force.
    • Alpha Decay
      A type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits an alpha particle, a helium-4 nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons), resulting in a daughter nucleus with reduced atomic number
    • Activity decreases

      As unstable nuclei decay and become stable, the number of radioactive nuclei decreases, resulting in a lower activity.
    • Becquerels (Bq)

      The unit of activity, representing 1 decay per second.
    • Decay
      The process by which unstable nuclei change into different elements or release radiation.
    • Unstable nuclei
      Nuclei that are radioactive and will eventually decay into stable states.
    • Activity
      A measure of the number of unstable nuclei that decay each second, usually measured in Becquerels (Bq).
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