Marxism

• What are the three roles of education according to the Marxist view?

  1. Prepares children for work, 2. Passes on ruling class ideology, 3. Legitimizes inequality
• How does education prepare children for the world of work according to the Marxist perspective?

  By giving them skills and values that employers need
• What is the correspondence theory proposed by Bowles and Gintis?


  It states there is a correspondence between pupil experiences in school and adult work
• What are some examples of how pupils are prepared for the world of work in schools according to Bowles and Gintis?


  Pupils learn to accept hierarchy, are motivated by grades, and experience a structured day
• What does the hidden curriculum refer to in the context of education?


  It refers to the social norms and values passed on to students beyond the formal curriculum
• What are some examples of behaviors taught by the hidden curriculum?


  Turning up on time, dressing smartly, and working hard
• How does the hidden curriculum teach respect for authority?

  Through the hierarchy of management, teaching staff, and students
• What did Althusser believe about education's role in society?


  It is part of the ideological state apparatus that legitimizes inequality
• According to Althusser, what type of workforce does education produce?


  A docile and obedient workforce that does not challenge authority
• What was Willis's perspective on education's role in creating an obedient workforce?


  He argued that education does not necessarily produce an obedient workforce
• What concept did Bourdieu use to explain the success of middle-class children in education?


  Cultural capital
• How do Marxists view meritocracy in education?


  They claim it is a myth that legitimizes inequality
• What are some weaknesses of the Marxist view of education?

  It assumes people are passive victims and exaggerates socialization into obedience
• What strengths do Marxist views have according to the study material?

  They are supported by data showing underperformance of working-class students
• What is the main problem highlighted by Howard Zinn regarding obedience?


  • Civil obedience leads to negative consequences
  • People obey leaders despite poverty and injustice
  • Obedience contributes to societal issues like war and inequality
• What is the relationship between education and the hidden curriculum?


  • Education teaches formal subjects (e.g., English, Maths)
  • The hidden curriculum imparts social norms and values
  • It prepares students for adult life and work environments