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• What is alignment in handwriting?


  It is the relation of parts of the whole writing or individual letters to the baseline.
• What are angular forms in handwriting?

  They are strokes made by stopping the pen and changing direction before continuing.
• How do arcade forms appear in handwriting?


  They look like arches rounded on the top and open at the bottom.
• What does collation refer to in handwriting analysis?


  It refers to side by side examination.
• What is the purpose of comparison in handwriting analysis?


  It is the act of setting two or more items side by side to weigh their identifying qualities.
• What does the term 'dextral' refer to?


  It refers to right-handed individuals.
• What is disguised writing?


  It is when a writer deliberately alters their usual writing habits to hide their identity.
• What are down strokes in handwriting?


  They are the movements of the pen toward the writer.
• What does 'form' refer to in handwriting?


  It refers to the writer’s chosen writing style.
• What are garland forms in handwriting?


  They are cup-like connected forms that are open at the top and rounded at the bottom.
• What does the term 'gestalt' mean in handwriting analysis?


  It means "complete" or "whole" in German, referring to the overall appearance of strokes.
• What is graphoanalysis?


  It is the study of handwriting based on the two fundamental strokes.
• What does graphometry involve?


  It involves analysis by comparison and measurement.
• What is graphology?


  It is the art of determining character disposition from the study of handwriting.
• What is hand lettering?


  It is any disconnected style of writing where each letter is written separately.
• What does left-handed writing refer to?


  It is also known as wrong-handed writing or sinistral writing.
• What is letter space in handwriting?


  It is the amount of space left between letters.
• What does line direction indicate in handwriting?


  It indicates the movement of the baseline, which may slant up, down, or straight across the page.
• What is line quality in handwriting?


  It refers to the overall character of the ink lines from beginning to ending strokes.
• What are the two classes of line quality?


  Good line quality and poor line quality.
• What is line space in handwriting?


  It is the amount of space left between lines.
• What is manuscript writing?


  It is a disconnected form of script or semi-script writing.
• What do margins refer to in handwriting?


  They are the amount of space left around the writing on all four sides.
• Why is movement important in handwriting?


  It is an important element that affects the overall appearance of writing.
• What is natural writing?


  It is writing executed normally without any attempt to control or alter its identifying habits.
• What is natural variation in handwriting?


  It refers to normal deviations found between repeated specimens of an individual's handwriting.
• What is pen emphasis in handwriting?


  It is the act of intermittently forcing the pen against the paper surfaces.
• What does pen hold refer to?


  It refers to the place where the writer grasps the pen and the angle at which it is held.
• What is pen position in handwriting?


  It is the relationship between the pen point and the paper.
• What does pen pressure indicate in handwriting?


  It is the average force with which the pen contacts the paper.
• What is print script?


  It is a creative combination of printing and cursive writing.
• What does proportion refer to in handwriting?


  It refers to individual characteristics in relative proportion of letters.
• What is the ratio in handwriting?


  It is the relation between tall and short letters.
• What is significant writing habit?

  It is any characteristic of handwriting that is sufficiently uncommon.
• What does size refer to in handwriting?


  It may refer to the overall size of writing or the proportions between zones.
• What is slope or slant in handwriting?


  It is the angle or inclination of the axis of writing.
• What is speed of writing?

  It is the personal pace at which the writer's pen moves across the paper.
• How can writing speed be measured?

  It can be measured precisely from the finished handwriting.
• What is thread form in handwriting?

  It is an indefinite connective form that looks flat and wavy..
• What does variation refer to in handwriting?


  It is the act or process of changing in writing.