Psych

• What is the Independent Variable (IV) in an experiment?


  The variable that is manipulated by the researcher
• What does the Dependent Variable (DV) represent in an experiment?


  The variable being measured by the researcher
• What is an Extraneous Variable?


  Any variable other than the IV that may affect the DV if not controlled
• How does a Confounding Variable differ from an Extraneous Variable?


  A confounding variable definitely affects the DV if not controlled
• What does it mean to Operationalise Variables?


  Stating clearly what variables are being manipulated and measured
• What does the term Cause and Effect imply in research?


  Changes in the IV will directly lead to changes in the DV
• What is a Hypothesis in research?


  A prediction about what the researcher thinks will happen in their study
• What is a Directional Hypothesis?


  A hypothesis that states the direction of the expected outcome
• What is a Non-Directional Hypothesis?


  A hypothesis that states there will be a difference but does not specify the direction
• What does a Null Hypothesis state?


  That there will be no difference between conditions and any observed differences are due to chance