Volcanoes

• What is a Caldera?


  A large, sunken crater formed after a volcanoes magma chamber empties and collapses.
• What is a composite volcano?


  A steep-sided volcano made of alternating layers of lava, ash and rock.
• What are convection currents? 


  Circular motions in the mantle caused by the heating and cooling of rock, which help drive tectonic plate movement.
• What is a crater? 


  A bowl-shaped opening at the top of a volcano where eruptions occur.
• What is an earthquake?

  The shaking of the Earth's surface caused by the movement of the tectonic plates, often linked to volcanic activity.
• What is an eruption?


  The release of lava, ash, and gases from a volcano.
• What is a fumarole?


  An opening in a volcano that emits steam and gases.
• What is hazard mapping?


  The process of creating maps that show areas at risk of volcanic hazards like lava flow, ash fall, and lahars.
• What is a lahar?


  A destructive mudflow made from volcanic ash, debris and water.
• What is lava?


  Molten rock that reaches the surface during a volcanic eruption.
• What are lava bombs?


  Large chunks of molten rock that are thrown out of a volcano during an explosive eruption.
• What is magma? 


  Molten rock beneath the Earths surface.
• What is the magma chamber?


  The underground pool where magma collects beneath a volcano.
• What is the mantle?


  The layer of hot, semi-solid rock beneath Earth's crust that helps move tectonic plates.
• What is a proclastic flow? 


  A fast-moving cloud of hot gas, ash, and volcanic material.
• What is a seismometer?


  A device used to detect and measure volcanic earthquakes.
• What is a shield volcano?


  A broad, gently sloping volcano formed by low velocity lava flows.
• What is subduction? 


  The process where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another, often creating volcanic activity.
• What is a super volcano?


  A massive volcano that produces the largest and most devastating eruptions, capable of impacting the global climate.
• What is a tilt meter?


  An instrument used to measure the slight tilting or swelling of a volcano.
• What is a vent?


  The opening in Earth's crust through which magma escapes.
• What is volcanic ash?


  Ting fragments of rock and minerals ejected during an eruption.