forces and breaking

• What is a vector quantity?


  A vector is a physical quantity with magnitude and direction.
• What is a scalar quantity?


  A scalar is a physical quantity with magnitude only.
• Why are forces considered vector quantities?


  Because they have both strength and direction.
• If two people push a box from different sides, what determines the overall force?


  The overall force depends on both the size and direction of their pushes.
• What are examples of scalar quantities?


  • Distance
  • Speed
  • Mass
  • Time
  • Temperature
• What does a vector tell you beyond magnitude?


  A vector tells you "which direction" as well.
• What are examples of vector quantities?


  Examples of vectors include displacement, velocity, acceleration, forces, and momentum.
• How are vectors represented graphically?


  Vectors are represented by arrows, where the length indicates magnitude and the direction indicates the vector's direction.
• What is the resultant vector?


  The resultant vector is the single vector that has the same effect as two or more vectors combined.
• What happens when two vectors are in the same direction?


  Their magnitudes add together.
• What happens when two vectors are in opposite directions?


  You subtract the smaller magnitude from the larger one.
• What is distance defined as?


  Distance is the total length of the path traveled by an object regardless of direction.
• What is displacement defined as?


  Displacement is the straight line distance from the starting point to the ending point of an object, including direction.
• How does distance differ from displacement?


  Distance can never be negative, while displacement can be positive, negative, or zero.
• What is speed defined as?


  Speed is the rate at which an object covers distance, and it is a scalar quantity.
• What is the equation for speed?


  Speed = distance / time.
• What are the units for speed?


  Speed is measured in meters per second (m/s) or kilometers per hour (km/h).
• What is velocity defined as?


  Velocity is the rate at which an object changes its position, and it is a vector quantity.
• What is the equation for velocity?


  Velocity = displacement / time.
• What are the units for velocity?


  Velocity is measured in meters per second (m/s).
• How do speed and velocity differ?


  Speed does not include direction, while velocity does.
• What does the slope of a distance-time graph represent?


  The slope represents speed; a steeper slope indicates higher speed.
• What does a flat line on a distance-time graph indicate?


  A flat line indicates the object is stationary.
• What does the slope of a displacement-time graph represent?


  The slope represents velocity, showing both speed and direction of movement.
• What is acceleration defined as?


  Acceleration is the rate at which an object's velocity changes over time, and it is a vector quantity.
• What is the formula for acceleration?


  Acceleration = change in velocity / time taken.
• What are the units for acceleration?


  Acceleration is measured in meters per second squared (m/s²).
• What does positive acceleration indicate?


  Positive acceleration indicates that an object is speeding up.
• What does negative acceleration indicate?


  Negative acceleration (deceleration) indicates that an object is slowing down.
• What does a flat line on a velocity-time graph indicate?


  A flat line indicates zero acceleration (constant velocity).
• What are typical walking and running speeds?

  Typical walking speed is 1.5 m/s and running speed is 3.0 m/s.
• What does Newton's first law of motion state?


  It states that an object will remain at rest or move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.
• What does Newton's second law of motion state?

  It states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
• What is the formula for Newton's second law of motion?


  Resultant force = mass x acceleration (F = ma).
• What does Newton's third law of motion state?

  For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• What is a resultant force?


  The resultant force is the single force that has the same effect as all the forces acting on an object combined.
• How is force measured?


  Force is measured in Newtons (N).
• What are contact forces?


  Contact forces include upthrust, contact pull/push, friction, air resistance, normal contact force, tension, and thrust.
• What are non-contact forces?


  Non-contact forces include weight, magnetic force, and electrostatic force.
• What does the resultant force determine?


  The resultant force determines whether an object will accelerate, decelerate, or remain at rest or constant velocity.