ANTEPARTAL PERIOD

• Psychological changes/adaptation in pregnancy:

  • 1st trimester: Pregnancy validation/accepting the pregnancy
  • 2nd trimester: fetal embodiment/ accepting the fetus
  • 3rd trimester: preparing for the delivery of the fetus and end of pregnancy
• 1st trimester: Pregnancy validation / accepting the pregnancy

  • Often shock
  • Introversion
  • Ambivalent feelings
• 2nd trimester: Fetal embodiment / Accepting the fetus

  • Attempts to incorporate into her body image as an integral part of self
  • readjust feelings of inner strength
  • Appears to be time of maturation
  • Acceptance of fetus
• 3rd trimester: Preparing for the delivery of the fetus and end of pregnancy

  • separates fetus from herself and makes concrete plans
  • attainment for maternal role
  • becomes more anxious and wants the pregnancy to end
  • may express fear of unknown
  • wich for health newborn
• Prenatal check-ups:

  • 4-28 weeks of pregnancy: every 4 weeks
  • 28-36 weeks of pregnancy: every 2 weeks
  • 36-41 weeks of pregnancy: every week
• Women under prenatal care can be more confident about avoiding pregnancy-related complications such as high blood pressure or diabetes.
• Gestation


  the period of fetal development in the womb from implantation to birth
• Gravida


  number of times pregnant, regardless of duration including the present
• Nulligravida


  a woman who is not now and never has been pregnant
• Primigravida


  pregnant for the first time
• Multigravida


  pregnant for the second or subsequent time
• Para


  number of pregnancies that lasted more than 20 weeks regardless of outcome
• Nullipara


  woman who has not given birth to a newborn beyond 20 weeks of gestation
• Primipara


  woman who has given birth to one newborn more than 20 weeks of gestation
• Multipara


  woman who has had two or more births at more than 20 weeks gestation
• GTPAL/GTPALM


  Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortion, Living, Multiple pregnancies
• gravida


  the number of pregnancy including the present one
• term


  total number of infants born at term 37 or more up to 42 weeks
• preterm


  total number of infants born before 37 weeks
• abortions


  total number of spontaneous or induced abortions
• living


  total number of children currently living
• multiple pregnancies


  total number of multiple pregnancies
• 5p's that contribute to a successful labor and delivery (NSVD)

  Passenger, Passageway, Psyche, Power, Placental age and location
• Passenger


  fetus presentation and position. Cephalic vertex- normal fetus presentation. Position: ROA and LOA
• Passageway


  pelvis, failure to decent due to CPD (cephalopelvic disproportion)
• Psyche


  mental state of the mother, sense of preparedness
• Power


  mother to push, to beardown during uterine contraction
• Placental age and location


  abruptio placenta - detachment of placenta previa

  placenta previa - abnormally implantation of placenta
• Confirmation of Pregnancy

  • Presumptive
  • Probable
  • Positive
• Presumptive symptoms


  (subjective) are those which, when taken as single entities could easily indicate other conditions
• Presumptive symptoms


  these findings discussed in connection with the body system in which they occur, are experienced by the woman but cannot be documented by an examiner
• quickening


  first fetal movement
• linea nigra


  line dark pigment on the abdomen
• Melasma


  dark pigment on the face
• Striae gravidarum


  red streaks on the abdomen
• Probable signs 


  (objective) seen by the examiner, needs more confirmation and diagnostic procedure
• Goodell sign


  softening of the cervix
• Hegar sign


  softening of the lower uterine segment
• Chadwick sign


  blue-purple discoloration of the vaginal wall
• Ballotement


  tossing and bouncing