Functionalists

• Davis and Moore - role allocation


  Students are given roles and put into sets depending on their ability. Schools sift and sort students into their different future jobs through examinations. For example, students gifted in biology are encouraged to train to become a doctor. They accept inequality is necessary in order for the most qualified individuals to get the most important jobs. Most qualified are rewarded with higher pay which acts as a motivator. This is to encourage others to do the same. This benefits individuals because they work hard to reach important jobs.
• Parsons - school is a 'focal socialising agency'


  Parsons believes the school is essential in socialising the youth outside of the home with norms and values. Status within families is ascribed, whilst in wider society values are universalistic (the same values apply to everyone). For example, children learn the universalistic value of meritocracy. This benefits the student because they persevere and work towards their goal. Once achieved they are rewarded with qualifications.
• What are the two functions of education according to Durkheim?


  Social solidarity and specialist skills
• What is the function of social solidarity in education?


  • Fosters a sense of belonging
  • Shares beliefs and values
  • Teaches children about shared history
  • Example: Pledge of allegiance in the US
• How does education contribute to social solidarity?


  It helps individuals feel part of a community by sharing beliefs and values
• What is an example of how children learn about social solidarity in education?


  Through lessons in history and citizenship
• What is the benefit of social solidarity for individuals?


  It makes them feel part of a community
• What are the specialist skills produced by education?


  • Qualified workers for various jobs
  • Examples: nursery workers, engineers
  • Supports vocational education
• Why would Durkheim support vocational education?


  Because it teaches students specialist skills needed for certain jobs
• How do specialist skills benefit society as a whole?


  They are necessary to maintain stability in society
• What is an example of a vocational qualification mentioned in the study material?

  BTEC qualification
• What roles do qualified workers play in society?


  They perform different jobs necessary for societal functioning