1890-1914 ( in India)

• Viceroy Hardinge


  Viceroy Hardinge moved India’s capital to Delhi to undermine Hindu revolutionaries. Hardinge declared war on the British side of World War 1 on India’s behalf in 1914.
• Morley-Minto reforms


  Viceroy Minto and John Morley (Secretary of State of India) introduced a limited reform programme.In 1909, an element of representative government was introduced.27 Indians were elected to the Viceroy’s council, providing representation for India's regional populations.In the 1910 elections, 135 Indian people were elected to sit on new, larger provincial councils. But the local representation of Indian people remained very poor by democratic standards. The influence of these elected officials was questionable relative to the power of the viceroy.
• The Partition of Bengal


  The partition was intended to divide India into a Muslim-majority East and a Hindu-majority West.This move caused an uproar as many wealthy Hindus had owned land in the East.They perceived this as an attempt by the British to challenge their economic strength.As a result, there was a boycott of British goods.The division was supported by the Muslim Elite, who set up the All India Muslim League in 1906.Political protests led to the two provinces being reunited in 1911.
• Viceroy Curzon cont


  Curzon was forced to resign after the unsuccessful Partition of Bengal in 1905. During his time as Viceroy, Lord Curzon referred to the 'extraordinary inferiority' of the local people over whom he ruled, despite some 'positive' reforms.
• Viceroy Curzon's reforms


  In the year 1901, Viceroy Curzon set up the Imperial Cadet Corps. The Imperial Cadet Corps gave Indian elites military training. The ICC was disbanded in 1915 after limited success. He created the North-West Frontier Province in 1901 to defend India from Russia’s growing incursions into Afghanistan. He reformed universities and the police. He adopted the gold standard (which was a fixed exchange rate currency policy). He lowered taxes for local Indian populations.
• What policy did the Indian Civil Service adopt to manage divisions in society?

  Divide and rule
• How did the 'divide and rule' policy affect the relationship between the Anglo-Indian elite and the rural masses?


  It accentuated divisions between them
• What was a significant outcome of the growing criticisms of British rule in India?

  The formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885
• In what year was the Indian National Congress formed?


  1885
• What was the primary goal of the Indian National Congress?


  To campaign for Home Rule
• Which group formed the 'Servants of India Society'?


  Those in the lower castes
• What was the purpose of the 'Servants of India Society'?


  To agitate for reform in Indian legislation
• What are the four groups in the caste system in India based on?


  • Position in society at birth
  • Hierarchical structure
  • Social roles and responsibilities
• How does the caste system in India affect individuals?


  Some castes are discriminated against based on their birth
• Does caste discrimination continue in India today?


  Yes, it continues today
• British policy in India

  The overall aims in India were to keep the British Raj secure and make sure that the native population was acquiescent.The extension of education became important as India's economy developed. However, in 1872, 3.5% of India's population was literate. In 1911, 5.9% of India's population was literate.Indian workers and Indian troops were sent to other British colonies, like Uganda, to help with security and the construction of British-funded railways.