How is social class identity changing?

• What do fragmentation theories explain regarding class structures?


  They argue that traditional classes have split into larger numbers of fractions.
• What is one effect of fragmentation on class solidarity?


  It disrupts the formation of class solidarity.
• What factors contribute to fragmentation in class structures?


  • Growth in affluence reduces external differences between classes.
  • Growth in occupational specialization leads to more middle-class occupations.
  • Social mobility results in diverse backgrounds in the middle class.
• Who proposed the concept of "Pick and Mix identities"?


  Lyon (1994)
• What does Lyon suggest about the postmodern world?


  It is a consumer society where individuals can choose from different styles.
• How has football's association with social class changed over time?


  It has become a crucial part of popular culture, originally enjoyed by the working class.
• How has the perception of Burberry changed according to the study material?


  It has shifted from being associated with A-list celebrities to working-class "chav" culture.
• What shift in focus do Clark and Saunders discuss regarding people's lives?


  • Lives are centered on leisure and consumption.
  • Identities are based on how people spend their money, not how they earn it.
• What do Paulski and Waters (1996) argue about social inequality?


  They believe social inequality is not disappearing, but class politics is dead.
• According to Paulski and Waters, what issues are more important in a postmodernist society?


  Gender, ethnicity, religion, and cultural differences.
• What do Paulski and Waters suggest about people's concerns in a postmodern society?


  People are more concerned about the environment than class interests.
• How do Paulski and Waters view identities in relation to social class?


  • Identities are based more on consumption than on social class.
  • Social class politics is considered dead.