Expansion into Africa

• List some reasons for British expansion in Africa:

  • The unlimited capacity for the production of cattle and cereals.
  • The climate being less unhealthy
  • Great mountain ranges
  • Easy reach of the costThese factors prompted British interest in Africa.
• What was the key reason for British expansion in Africa during the second half of the nineteenth century?


  Trade and the prospect of further trade.
• Why was the empire regarded with 'renewed interest' in the later years of the nineteenth century?"

  • The international trading environment profoundly altered in the later years of the century. This was because previously it was subjective to the British, however after France and Russia grew in political power things changed. 
  • Industrialisation made American and German economies fierce competitors.
  • The global spread of cheap and reliable railway and shipping systems, caused prices to plummet - Britain could not keep up or take over other colonies.
• When was the slave trade outlawed?


  In 1807
• In what year did the major shift towards the African continent begin?

  1857
• Why did interest in the Americas decline around 1857?


  Due to independence movements in the colonies of the United States
• What was one of the reasons for the shift in interest towards Africa?

  The outlining of slavery at the beginning of the 1800s
• What is the focus of the lesson mentioned in the study material?

  The expansion of the British Empire into Africa
• What are the two types of motivations for the expansion into Africa mentioned?


  Economic and moral motivations
• Who were the individuals that influenced the policy directions of the British Empire?

  Merchant imperialists
• Who is a notable figure among the merchant imperialists mentioned?

  George Goldie
• What role did Victorian explorers play in the expansion into Africa?


  They sought out new lands and resources
• What was one of the moral influences during the Victorian era?


  The increase in Christian missionaries
• How did some supporters of the Empire view the expansion into Africa?


  As a spreading of civilization to uncivilized peoples
• What were the dual motivations behind the Christianization of Africa?


  Religious duty and civilizing uncivilized peoples
• Who is an example of a Christian missionary mentioned in the study material?

  David Livingston
• What were the economic implications of the British Empire's expansion into Africa?


  Extraction and exploitation of resources
• What was the state of British expansion into Africa at the start of the 1850s?


  It was relatively limited
• Which regions were controlled by Britain in West Africa during the early expansion?

  The Gold Coast and Cape Colony
• What notable expansions occurred between 1857 and 1890?


  Expansion into Zululand, South Nigeria, Gambia, and Uganda
• What was the response of the British Empire to the expansion of other empires in Africa?


  It led to increased interest and competition in Africa
• What term describes the competition among European empires for African territories in the late 1800s?

  The Scramble for Africa
• What was the significance of the expansions into Zululand, Nigeria, Gambia, and Uganda?


  They marked a significant amount of expansion compared to earlier periods
• How did the expansion of the British Empire into Africa relate to imperial competition?


  It was a response to the expansion of other empires