Toddler

• Toddler

  Age: 1-3 years old
• Toddler (1 to 3 years old)

  • independence principle
  • sense of autonomy vs. shame and doubt
  • (+) negativism - loves to say "no" (to gain independence)
  • Intervention: Offer choices
  • they are picky eaters - prefer single food
  • they are active (ran, jump, and climb)

  *ADHD - DOC: Ritalin
• Toddler (1 to 3 years old)

  (+) protrusion of the abdomen

  • due to immaturity of the abdominal muscle

  (+) physiologic anorexia

  • due to preoccupied of food pads (uso)
• Toddler (1 to 3 years old)

  Significant person - parents
• Toddler (1 to 3 years old)

  Erikson: Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt

  • To fulfill, offer choices and allow to participate

  Freud: Anal stage - toilet training

  • most important factor: attitude of parents towards toilet training (patience and consistency)

  Piaget: pre-operational; egocentric - inability to see the point of others

  Kohlberg: Pre-conventional (punishment and obedience)

  Best punishment: Time-out by facing the wall with audible time for 1 minutes per age
• Toilet Training

  Age: 18-24 months

  Signs of Readiness:

  • Ability to sit, stand, squat, and walk
  • Verbalize the need to defecate and urinate
  • Please the parents
  • Maintains dryness for at least 2 hours
  • Wants to remove the soiled diaper immediately

  One at a time: Bowel control is accomplished before bladder training
• Toddler

  Play: Parallel play

  Fear: Separation anxiety