Biomolecule

• What are the 4 biomolecules?

  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic Acids
  • Proteins
• Carbohydrates


  ARE SUGARS!
• We get 4 kilocalories per gram of carb that we eat!
• Starch


  Used for energy storage in plants, Potatoes, pasta and rice are starches, They provide a quick form of energy for the body
• Glycogen


  Used for energy storage in animals, Formed in the Liver
• Chitin


  • Found in exoskeletons of arthropods (insects, spiders)
  • Found in cell wall of some fungi
• Lipids


  ARE FATS
• We get 9 kcals per gram of fat that we consume.
• Proteins


  BUILD US
• We get 4 kcals per gram of protein that we consume.
• Nucleic Acids


  These biomolecules are not necessarily from food
• Carbohydrates 


  it is the MOST COMMON organic Molecule.
• Carbohydrates 


  it is the primary ENERGY SOURCE that our body needs.
• Carbohydrates 


  it has 1:2:1 ratio (Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen)
• These are the sugars that make up Carbs

  1. Single Sugar (monosaccharide)
  2. 2 Monosaccharides (disaccharide)
  3. 3+ Monosaccharides (polysaccharide)
• Starch 


  a TYPE OF POLYSACCHARIDES that is used for ENERGY STORAGE IN PLANTS.
• Starch 


  A TYPE OF POLYSACCHARIDE that provide a quick form of energy for the body.
• Glycogen 


  A TYPE OF POLYSACCHARIDE that is formed in the LIVER.
• Glycogen 


  A TYPE OF POLYSACCHARIDE that is used for ENERGY STORAGE IN ANIMALS.
• Cellulose 


  A TYPE OF POLYSACCHARIDE that provides a STRUCTURAL SUPPORT IN PLANTS.
• Cell Wall


  it composed of polysaccharides and structural proteins.
• Chitin 


  A TYPE OF POLYSACCHARIDE.

  It is found in EXOSKELETON OF ARTHROPODS (insects , spiders). It is also found in the cell wall of FUNGI .
• Lipids 


  it STORE ENERGY, insulates your body and make up the cell membrane.
• Carbohydrates 


  Polymer: Polysaccharides

  Monomer: Monosaccharides
• Lipids 


  Polymer: Phospholipids, Triglycerides

  Monomer: Glycerol & 3 fatty acids
• Lipids 


  This is a biomolecule that is "Hydrophobic" (Water Fearing) and do not dissolve in water
• Saturated 


  A type of Lipid: The bonds between all the carbons are SINGLE BONDS.
• Unsaturated 


  A type of Lipid: There is AT LEAST ONE DOUBLE OR TRIPLE BOND between carbons present.
• Saturated 


  it is SOLID at room temperature,

  Mainly ANIMAL fats
• Unsaturated 


  it is LIQUID at room temperature,

  Mainly PLANT BASED fats as well as oily fish.
• Hydrocarbons 


  What do you call to the long strand of Carbon and Hydrogen?
• Protein 


  it is used to TRANSPORT MOLECULES in and out of the cell.
• Protein 


  it CONTROL THE SPEED OF CHEMICAL REACTION.
• Proteins 


  used for GROWTH and REPAIR
• Proteins make up the structure of living things: hair, nails, skin, bones, muscles, etc
• Proteins 


  Polymer: proteins (tons)

  Monomer: Amino Acids
• Nucleic Acids 


  it provides our GENETIC INFORMATION
• Nucleic Acids 


  Holds the instructions TO MAKE PROTEIN
• Nucleic Acids 


  Polymer: DNA, RNA, and ATP

  Monomer: Nucleotides
• Carbohydrates 


  C:H:O (1:2:1 ratio)