Unit Exam

• What pH are enzymes most active at?


  7 pH

  Except for stomach acid ( 2-3 pH) and Intestinal Enzymes ( 8-9 pH)
• What is the order of Energy reserves


  Carbohydrates > Lipids > Proteins
• What are Accessory Organs 


  Help with mechanical digestion (teeth, tongue) or with chemical digestion (pancreas, liver, gal bladder, and salivary glands)
• What is Feedback Inhibition 


  Too much final product so the first enzyme is stopped until all of the product is used up
• Benedicts Test 


  for simple carbs, positive from blue to orange
• Iodine test 


  For complex carbs (starch) positive from yellow to black
• Translucent test 


  for fats / lipids, positive is paper is translucent
• Biuret test 


  for proteins (peptide bonds), positive from blue to purple
• What is the best fuel for an Athlete?

  Carbs since they are the easiest to break down allowing for quicker energy
• Excess carbs 


  Excess carbs are stored in the liver as glycogen
• Digestive tract structure

  mouth > pharynx > esophagus > stomach > small intestine > large intestine > anus
• Peristalsis 


  Muscle movement in the esophagus that helps move things up and down the esophagus
• order of food passage 


  mouth > esophagus > stomach > small intestine > large intestine > anus
• What neutralizes stomach acid

  Sodium Bicarbonate
• Bile is not an enzyme
• Large intestine function 


  Main job is to absorb water and nutrients out of the roughage to create feces
• What are the 3 parts of the small intestine


  Duodenum, jenjunum, ileum
• duodenum 


  Helps further digest food coming into the stomach
• Jejunum 


  Also helps digest food more thats coming from the stomach and absorbs nutrients and water to be used by the body
• Ileum 


  Helps further digest food coming from the stomach and absorbs nutrients and water
• Villi


  Absorbs nutrients, has micro villi to increase Surface Area and increase absorption
• Pancreatic Juice


  Pancreatic Enzymes, they hep break down foods
• Stomach lining (mucus) protects it from disintegrated the stomach
• Cardiovascular 


  Heart blood vessel (arteries, capillaries, veins)
• Respiratory 


  Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
• Nervous system 


  Brain, spinal cord, nerves
• Musculoskeletal system


  bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, joints
• Stages of Nutrient Process 


  Ingestion > digestion > absorption > Egestion
• Ingestion 


  Eating /Drinking
• Digestion 


  Break down food
• Absorption 


  Nutrients are taken into the blood stream
• Egestion 


  Removal of undigested material from the digestive tract