Health and disease

• What is the state of physical and mental wellbeing referred to as?


  Health
• How do diseases contribute to health?

  Diseases are often responsible for causing ill health.
• What are the two main types of diseases?

  • Communicable diseases
  • Non-communicable diseases
• What are communicable diseases?


  Diseases that can spread from person to person or between animals and people.
• What are some examples of communicable diseases?

  Measles and malaria
• What characterizes non-communicable diseases?


  They cannot spread between people and generally last for a long time.
• What are some examples of non-communicable diseases?

  Asthma, cancer, and coronary heart disease
• How can different types of diseases interact?

  • Immune system issues increase susceptibility to communicable diseases.
  • Certain viruses can trigger types of cancer.
  • Pathogen infections can cause allergic reactions.
  • Severe physical health problems can trigger mental health issues.
• How does a weakened immune system affect susceptibility to diseases?


  It increases the chance of suffering from communicable diseases like influenza.
• How can certain viruses lead to cancer?


  Infection with certain viruses can cause long-term infections that increase cancer risk.
• What is an example of a virus that can lead to liver cancer?

  Hepatitis virus
• What virus is associated with cervical cancer?

  Human papilloma virus (HPV)
• How can infections trigger allergic reactions?


  Immune system reactions caused by infections can trigger allergic reactions.
• How can severe physical health problems affect mental health?


  They can trigger mental health issues like depression.
• What are some factors other than disease that can affect health?

  • Balanced diet
  • Stress levels
  • Life situation and access to healthcare
• How does a poor diet affect health?


  A poor diet can negatively impact both physical and mental health.
• What can constant stress lead to?


  Health issues
• How can access to medicines affect health?


  Easy access to medicines can help treat illnesses and prevent health issues.
• What are the human costs of non-communicable diseases?


  • Tens of millions die each year.
  • Lower quality of life and shorter lifespan.
  • Impact on loved ones.
• What are the financial costs associated with non-communicable diseases?


  • High costs for research and treatment.
  • Families may need to adapt homes.
  • Reduced income if a family member cannot work.
  • Economic impact from reduced workforce.
• What is the difference between human cost and financial cost?


  Human cost refers to effects on people, while financial cost relates to spending.
• What are the potential knock-on effects of health issues?


  • Impact on quality of life
  • Economic burden on families
  • Strain on healthcare systems