Carbohydrates

• What does carbohydrate literally mean?


  hydrated carbon (carbon and water)
• What elements do carbohydrates contain?


  carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only
• Carbohydrates are also known as what?


  Saccharides or sugars
• Sugars are also known as what?

  Carbohydrates or saccharides
• Saccharides are known as what?


  Carbohydrates or sugars
• What is a single sugar unit called?

  A monosaccharide
• Give 3 examples of monosaccharides


  glucose, fructose, ribose
• What is a disaccharide?


  2 monosaccharides linked together
• When 2 monosaccharides link together, the result is called a what?


  A dissacharide
• Give 2 examples of disaccharides


  lactose, sucrose
• monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide? glucose.


  monosaccharide
• monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide? fructose.


  monosaccharide
• monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide? ribose.


  monosaccharide
• monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide? lactose.


  disaccharide
• monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide? sucrose.


  disaccharide
• monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide? glycogen.


  polysaccharide
• monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide? cellulose.


  polysaccharide
• monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide? starch.


  polysaccharide
• What is formed when many (more than 2) monosaccharides link together?


  A polymer called a polysaccharide
• What is a polysaccharide?


  Many monosaccharides linked together
• What is C6H12O6?


  Glucose
• What is the formula for glucose?


  C6H12O6
• How many carbons in glucose?


  6
• True or false? Glucose is a monosaccharide composed of 6 carbons?


  True
• True or false? Glucose is a monosaccharide composed of 5 carbons?


  False
• True or false? Glucose is a monosaccharide composed of 4 carbons?


  False
• True or false? Glucose is a monosaccharide composed of 3 carbons?


  False
• Glucose is a hexose monosaccharide. What does this mean?


  It is composed of 6 carbons
• True or false? Glucose is a pentose monosaccharide


  False
• True or false? Glucose is a butose monosaccharide


  False
• True or false? Glucose is a hexose monosaccharide


  True
• True or false? Glucose is a heptose monosaccharide


  False
• True or false? Glucose is an octose monosaccharide


  False
• Describe how the carbons are numbered in a molecular structure diagram of glucose


  They are numbered clockwise, beginning with the carbon to the right (clockwise) of the oxygen atom that is within the ring
• How many structural variations are there of the glucose molecule? What are they?


  There are two structural variations of the glucose molecule, alpha glucose and beta glucose
• Imagine you are looking at the molecular structure diagrams for alpha glucose and beta glucose. What is the difference between the alpha glucose diagram and the beta glucose diagram?


  The OH (hydroxyl) group on carbon 1 is on opposite positions. On an alpha glucose diagram the OH group is below the carbon 1, and on the beta glucose diagram the OH group is above the carbon 1
• True or false? Glucose molecules are soluble in water


  True
• True or false? Glucose molecules are polar


  True
• True or false? beta glucose molecules are polar


  True
• True or false? alpha glucose molecules are polar


  True