Overview

• What is the family according to functionalism?


  A vital organ maintaining the body of society
• What does the organic analogy in functionalism explain?


  How society works by comparing it to a living organism
• What are the functions of the family according to Murdock?

  Sexual, reproductive, socialisation/education, and economic functions
• What is the primary socialization function of the family?


  Teaching children the norms and values of society
• According to Parsons, what is another important function of the family?


  Stabilization of adult personalities
• How does the family provide emotional support according to Parsons?


  By offering security and coping mechanisms for adults
• What do Marxists believe about the family?


  It performs functions that benefit the bourgeoisie and disadvantage the proletariat
• What is the role of inheritance in Marxist theory regarding the family?


  It helps the middle class stay rich by passing wealth through generations
• What does Zaretsky's cushioning effect refer to?


  The family provides comfort to those oppressed by society
• How do Marxists view the family in terms of consumption?


  As a unit of consumption that buys goods produced by capitalism
• What do feminists emphasize about family life?


  The harmful effects of family life on women and the perpetuation of gender inequality
• What do liberal feminists believe about the family?


  It is sexist because it reinforces mainstream culture
• According to Marxist feminists, what is the role of women in capitalism?


  They help produce and care for the next generation of workers at little cost
• What do radical feminists focus on regarding the family?


  The patriarchal nature of society rather than capitalism
• What does Delphy and Leonard argue about the family?


  It is a patriarchal institution where women do most of the work
• What do Giddens and Stacey say about relationships in post-modern society?


  People have more choice in relationships and families
• What are pure relationships according to Giddens?


  Relationships that last as long as they are happy
• What does Stacey say about women's freedom in family arrangements?


  Women can shape family arrangements to suit their needs
• What is Smart's argument about family diversity?


  The family is not in decline but is more diverse and complex than before
• What types of relationships does the sociology of personal life include?


  Relationships that are not traditionally classified as family
• What do new right policies aim to do regarding family life?


  Reduce state control and promote individual responsibility
• What significant change did the 1984 divorce act introduce?


  Allowed couples to divorce within one year of marriage
• What was the aim of the 1997 to 2010 New Labour government regarding families?


  To support various types of families beyond the nuclear family
• What did the 2005 civil partnerships legislation achieve?


  Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships
• What was introduced by the 1998 Supporting Families document?


  Financial support and advice for various family arrangements
• What was the focus of the 2010 coalition government regarding family breakdown?


  To reduce family breakdown and promote workplace participation
• What does the domestic violence disclosure scheme allow?


  Individuals to request domestic violence records of potential partners
• What was the purpose of the 2012 welfare reform regarding Universal Credit?


  To simplify benefits into a single application process
• What is the bedroom tax?


  A tax on spare bedrooms in a household
• What significant change occurred in 2013 regarding marriage?


  Legalization of gay marriage
• What did the 2014 Children and Families Act achieve?


  Protected vulnerable children and parental leave rights
• What does family diversity encompass according to Rapport?


  Differences arising from culture, life course, organization, and generation
• What are the causes of family diversity?

  Changing patterns of divorce, cohabitation, and economic factors
• How has post-modernization affected family diversity?


  It reflects a more diverse society
• What impact do changing roles have on family structures?


  Women pursuing careers leads to more diverse family arrangements
• What does the 1969 Divorce Act signify?


  It made divorce more accessible
• What does the 1975 Employment Protection Act provide?


  Paid maternity leave for women
• What does the 1970 Equal Pay Act aim to achieve?


  To promote equal pay for men and women
• What does the concept of family diversity include according to the text?


  Different structures, cultural backgrounds, and life stages
• What does the term 'triple shift' refer to in the context of women?


  The burden of paid work, domestic work, and emotional labor