Chap 1 cell structure and organisation

• 1.1 cell Membrane ( controls substances leaving or entering the cell )

  • surrounds the cytoplasm
  • made up of lipids and proteins
  • selectively permeable, allowing only certain substances to pass though
• 1.1 cell Wall ( supports and protects the cell from injury )

  • Only plant cells have a cell wall
  • the cell wall is made of cellulose
  • it is fully permeable
• fully permeable - allows all substances to pass through

  selectively permeable - allows certain substances to pass through
• 1.1 cytoplasm ( gel-Like region found between the cell membrane and nucleus)

  • site of cellular activity
  • contain specialised structures called organelles
• 1.1 Nucleus ( consists of nucleoplasm which is surrounded by a nuclear membrane)

  • contains genetic material which controls cell activity
  • plays an important role in cell division
• 1.1 chloroplast ( only found in plants )

  • contains a green pigment called chlorophyll ( which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
• 1.1 vacuole ( fluid filled space enclosed by a partially permeable membrane )

  • stores substances within the cell
  • in the plant cell it usually has one large central vacuole that contains cell sap ( which contains sugars , minerals salts and amino acids )
  • in animal cell it usually has numerous small vacuoles that store water and food molecules
• 1.1 mitochondria/mitochondrion (singular)

  • Site of aerobic respiration where glucose is oxidised to release energy for cellular activities.
• 1.1 root hair cell

  • maintains a lower water potential in vacuole