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GCSE Biology
Topic 10-14
Nervous system
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Cards (26)
What are the two organ systems that help large multicellular organisms communicate internally?
The
nervous system
and the
endocrine system
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Why do large
multicellular
organisms need a communication system?
To coordinate behavior and respond to
surroundings
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What are the main topics to know about the
nervous system
?
Structure of a
nerve cell
Structure of the whole nervous system
How a
reflex arc
works
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What is another name for a
nerve cell
?
Neuron
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What is the primary function of
neurons
?
To carry
electrical impulses
from one point to another
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How are
neurons
adapted to their function?
They are long, thin, and have many
branch connections
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What is a
synapse
?
A connection between two
nerve cells
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What happens when an
electrical impulse
reaches the end of a
nerve cell
?
It causes the release of chemicals that diffuse across the
synapse
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What is the role of
sensory neurons
in the nervous system?
To carry information from receptors to the
central nervous system
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What does the
central nervous system
consist of?
The
brain
and
spinal cord
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What is the function of
motor neurons
?
To send impulses from the
central nervous system
to
effectors
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What are
effectors
in the nervous system?
Muscles or glands that respond to
signals
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What is a
reflex arc
?
A nerve pathway for unconscious reflexes
Involves
sensory neurons
,
relay neurons
, and
motor neurons
Enables rapid and automatic responses
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Why are
reflexes
beneficial?
They allow for rapid and automatic responses to
stimuli
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What happens when you touch a hot object?
A
reflex arc
is activated to move your hand away
quickly
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What is the role of
receptor cells
in the
reflex arc
?
To detect
stimuli
such as pressure or temperature
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What happens to the impulse in the spinal cord during a
reflex action
?
It is transferred to a
relay neuron
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What is the function of the
relay neuron
in a reflex arc?
To pass the impulse from the
sensory neuron
to the
motor neuron
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How does the impulse travel back to the body in a
reflex arc
?
Through a
motor neuron
to an
effector
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What happens at the
synapses
between neurons?
The
electrical signal
is converted to a
chemical signal
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What is the total number of
neurons
in the
human nervous system
?
Approximately
100 billion
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What is the primary role of the
central nervous system
?
To process
sensory
information and send out orders
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How does the
nervous system
respond to changes in the environment?
By
detecting
changes and sorting through information to respond
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What type of information do
sensory neurons
carry?
Information about changes in the
environment
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What is the role of the
bicep
in the
reflex arc
example provided?
To contract and move the hand away from the stimulus
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What is the significance of the
chemical signals
at
synapses
?
They allow communication between
nerve cells
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