Key thinkers

• Classical liberals

  • John locke
  • JS mills
  • Wollstonecroft
  • Adam smith (additional)
• Modern liberals

  • Rawls
  • Betty Friedan
  • Keynes
  • Paul Krugman
• Rawls and his beliefs

  • Government intervention - Keynesian economics - Also agreed with paul Krugman
  • Enabling state - agreed by Elizabeth warren
  • Veil of ignorance - this was made by an experiment called the "Original experiment"
  • Equality principle - "Fair quality of opportunity"
  • Difference principle - A fair chance to compete for different positions - in the forms of fazing out private schools and removing their charity status
  • Positive freedom
• Betty Friedan

  • An american feminist and agrees on fundamental freedom
  • Book name - " In the feminine mystique "
  • Foundational equality
  • Argues Women were enoucraged to take domestic roles due to conditioning
  • Positive freedom
  • Believed women were restricted from being free from men
  • Believes in an enabling state but further this by saying that the state should take a decisive stance against discrimination
• John locke

  • Voluntary consent to the people - through the development of the social contract - agreed by Rouseau
  • Free market economics - Laissez Faire capitalism - Adam smith - Tricking hand theory
  • Government is limited and can only act on consent
  • Wrote " Two treatises of government "
  • Believes in a natural society because mankind can be tolerable - Due to natural laws
• Mary Wollstonecroft

  • Advocate for feminist - free market because society was wasting assets because they are keeping women domesticated
  • book - " A vindication of the rights of women "
  • Believes in formal equality - enjoy civil liberties such as the right to vote
  • Marriage was an institution with a partnership of equals
• JS mill

  • The bridge between the strands
  • Negative freedom - absense of restraint
  • Harm principle
  • Free market due to free enterprise and competition but also believes in superiority of socialism in the form of worker owned
  • Learn to tolerate - His idea of utilitarianism
  • Believe that there should be a " Flat tax"
  • Believes in complete equality between women and men
• Core principles of liberalism

  • Individualism
  • Freedom and liberty
  • State
  • Rationalism
  • Equality and social justice
  • Liberal democracy